S. Quideau, D. Deffieux, C. Douat-casassus, and L. Pouysegu, Plant polyphenols: Chemical properties, biological activities, and synthesis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, vol.50, pp.586-621, 2011.

C. Heiss, C. L. Keen, and M. Kelm, Flavanols and cardiovascular disease prevention, Eur. Heart J, vol.31, pp.2583-2592, 2010.

K. Chira, J. H. Suh, C. Saucier, and P. L. Teissèdre, Les polyphénols du raisin, vol.6, pp.75-82, 2008.

G. Di-lecce, S. Arranz, O. Jáureguic, A. Tresserra-rimbau, P. Quifer-rada et al., Phenolic profiling of the skin, pulp and seeds of Albariño grapes using hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry, Food Chem, vol.145, pp.874-882, 2014.

J. A. Kennedy, M. A. Matthews, and A. L. Waterhouse, Changes in grape seed polyphenols during fruit ripening, Phytochemistry, vol.55, pp.77-85, 2000.

C. Prieur, J. Rigaud, V. Cheynier, and M. Moutounet, Oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins from grape seeds, Phytochemistry, vol.36, pp.781-784, 1994.

M. O. Downey, J. S. Harvey, and S. P. Robinson, Analysis of tannins in seeds and skins of Shiraz grapes throughout berry development, Aust. J. Grape Wine R, vol.9, pp.15-27, 2003.

C. Peyrot-des-gachons and J. A. Kennedy, Direct Method for Determining Seed and Skin Proanthocyanidin Extraction into Red Wine, J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.51, pp.5877-5881, 2003.

M. Monagas, C. Gómez-cordovés, B. Bartolomé, O. Laureano, J. M. Ricardo-da-silva et al., Oligomeric, and Polymeric Flavan-3-ol Composition of Wines and Grapes from Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Graciano, Tempranillo, and Cabernet Sauvignon, J. Agric. Food Chem, vol.51, pp.6475-6481, 2003.

Y. F. Huang, V. Cheynier, and N. Terrier, Shedding Light on the Black Boxes of the Proanthocyanidin Pathway with Grapevine, Recent Adv. Polyphenol Res, vol.3, pp.161-190, 2012.

G. G. Kuhnle, Nutrition epidemiology of flavan-3-ols: The known unknowns, Mol. Asp. Med, vol.61, pp.2-11, 2018.

P. M. Aron and J. A. Kennedy, Flavan-3-ols: Nature, occurrence and biological activity, Mol. Nutr. Food Res, vol.52, pp.79-104, 2008.

R. Corder, W. Mullen, N. Q. Khan, S. C. Marks, E. G. Wood et al., Oenology: Red wine procyanidins and vascular health, Nature, vol.444, 2006.

C. Manach and J. L. Donovan, Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of dietary flavonoids in humans, Free Radic. Res, vol.38, pp.771-785, 2004.

S. Kitao, T. Ariga, T. Matsudo, and H. Sekine, The Syntheses of Catechin-glucosides by Transglycosylation with Leuconostoc mesenteroides Sucrose Phosphorylase, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem, vol.57, 1993.

T. Raab, D. Barron, F. Vera, V. Crespy, M. Oliveira et al., Catechin Glucosides: Occurrence, Synthesis, and Stability, Food Chem, vol.58, pp.2138-2149, 2010.

Y. Pang, G. J. Peel, S. B. Sharma, Y. Tang, and R. A. Dixon, A transcript profiling approach reveals an epicatechin-specific glucosyltransferase expressed in the seed coat of Medicago truncatula, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, vol.105, pp.14210-14215, 2008.

Y. Pang, X. Cheng, D. V. Huhman, J. Ma, G. J. Peel et al., Medicago glucosyltransferase UGT 72 L 1 : Potential roles in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, Planta, vol.238, pp.139-154, 2013.

W. Friedrich and R. Galensa, Identification of a new flavanol glucoside from barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) and malt, Eur. Food Res. Technol, vol.214, pp.388-393, 2002.

M. Watanabe, Catechins as Antioxidants from Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Groats, J. Agric. Food Chem, vol.46, pp.839-845, 1998.

M. Dueñas, B. Sun, T. Hernández, I. Estrella, and M. I. Spranger, Proanthocyanidin Composition in the Seed Coat of Lentils (Lens culinaris L.), J. Agric. Food Chem, vol.51, pp.7999-8004, 2003.

E. Cui, N. Song, S. Shrestha, I. Chung, J. Kim et al., Flavonoid glycosides from cowpea seeds (Vigna sinensis K.) inhibit LDL, Food Sci. Biotechnol, vol.21, pp.619-624, 2012.

L. O. Ojwang, L. Yang, L. Dykes, and J. Awika, Proanthocyanidin profile of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) reveals catechin-O-glucoside as the dominant compound, Food Chem, vol.139, pp.35-43, 2013.

I. Smaali, T. Maugard, F. Limam, M. D. Legoy, and N. Marzouki, Efficient synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and alkyl-glucosides by, World J. Microb. Biotechnol, vol.23, pp.145-149, 2007.

A. Delcambre and C. Saucier, Identification of new flavan-3-ol monoglycosides by UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF in grapes and wine, J. Mass Spectrom, vol.47, pp.727-736, 2012.

Y. S. Bae, J. F. Burger, J. P. Steynberg, D. Ferreira, and R. W. Hemingway, Flavan and procyanidin glycosides from the bark of blackjack oak, Phytochemistry, vol.35, pp.473-478, 1994.

M. Zerbib, J. P. Mazauric, E. Meudec, C. Le-guernevé, A. Lepak et al., New flavanol O-glycosides in grape and wine, Food Chem, vol.266, pp.441-448, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01918062

L. Pinasseau, A. Verbaere, M. Roques, E. Meudec, A. Vallverdú-queralt et al., A Fast and Robust UHPLC-MRM-MS Method to Characterize and Quantify Grape Skin Tannins after Chemical Depolymerization, Molecules, vol.21, 1409.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01397454

C. Ehrhardt, P. Arapitsas, M. Stefanini, G. Flick, and F. Mattivi, Analysis of the phenolic composition of fungus-resistant grape varieties cultivated in Italy and Germany using UHPLC-MS/MS-Ehrhardt-2014Journal of Mass Spectrometry-Wiley Online Library, J. Mass Spectrom, vol.49, pp.860-869, 2014.

A. Owczarek, A. Magiera, M. Matczak, D. G. Piotrowska, M. A. Olszewska et al., Optimisation of preparative HPLC separation of four isomeric kaempferol diglycosides from Prunus spinosa L. by application of the response surface methodology, Phytochem. Lett, vol.20, pp.415-424, 2017.

J. Garrido and F. Borges, Wine and grape polyphenols-A chemical perspective, Food Res. Int, vol.54, pp.1844-1858, 2013.

P. Gomes-rebello, L. Lago-vanzela, E. S. Barcia-teixeira, M. Mota, A. Stringheta et al., Hermosín-Gutiérrez, I. Phenolic composition of the berry parts of hybrid grape cultivar BRS Violeta (BRS Rubea×IAC 1398-21) using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, Food Res. Int, vol.54, pp.354-366, 2013.

P. D. Bishop and C. W. Nagel, Characterization of the condensation product of malvidin diglucoside and catechin, J. Agric. Food Chem, vol.32, pp.1022-1026, 1984.

D. Guo, Y. Xu, Y. Kang, S. Han, and S. Zheng, Synthesis of octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside catalyzed by Thai rosewood beta-glucosidase-displaying Pichia pastoris in an aqueous/organic two-phase system, Enzym. Microb. Technol, vol.85, pp.90-97, 2016.

Y. Yilmaz and R. T. Toledo, Major Flavonoids in Grape Seeds and Skins: Antioxidant Capacity of Catechin, Epicatechin, and Gallic Acid, J. Agric. Food Chem, vol.52, pp.255-260, 2004.

K. Chira, Structures moléculaire et perception tannique des raisins et des vins (Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot) du Bordelais, 2009.

, This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI