P. Aagaard, E. B. Simonsen, J. L. Andersen, P. Magnusson, and P. Dyhre-poulsen, Increased rate of force development and neural drive of human skeletal muscle following resistance training, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.93, pp.1318-1326, 2002.

T. Abe, Y. Kawakami, S. Ikegawa, H. Kanehisa, and T. Fukunaga, Isometric and isokinetic knee joint performance in Japanese alpine ski racers, J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, vol.32, pp.353-357, 1992.

T. Akutsu, T. Kiryu, Y. Ushiyama, and T. Murayama, Evaluation of functional activities during skiing exercise by knee joint angles and surface EMG signals, Trans. Soc. Instrum. Control Eng, vol.44, pp.905-910, 2008.

M. Amann and J. A. Calbet, Convective oxygen transport and fatigue, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.104, pp.861-870, 2008.

D. G. Bell, The influence of air temperature on the EMG/force relationship of the quadriceps, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol, vol.67, pp.256-260, 1993.

T. Bere, T. W. Flørenes, T. Krosshaug, P. Haugen, I. Svandal et al., A systematic video analysis of 69 injury cases in world cup alpine skiing. Scand, J. Med. Sci. Sports, vol.24, pp.667-677, 2014.

T. Bere, T. W. Flørenes, T. Krosshaug, H. Koga, L. Nordsletten et al., Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in world cup alpine skiing: a systematic video analysis of 20 cases, Am. J. Sports Med, vol.39, pp.1421-1429, 2011.

H. E. Berg and O. Eiken, Muscle control in elite alpine skiing, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, vol.31, pp.1065-1067, 1999.

F. Billaut, J. P. Kerris, R. F. Rodriguez, D. T. Martin, C. J. Gore et al., Interaction of central and peripheral factors during repeated sprints at different levels of arterial O2 saturation, PLoS One, vol.8, p.77297, 2013.

G. Borg, Psychophysical scaling with applications in physical work and the perception of exertion, Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, vol.16, pp.55-58, 1990.

M. Burtscher, R. Pühringer, I. Werner, R. Sommersacher, and W. Nachbauer, Predictors of falls in downhill skiing and snowboarding, Science and Skiing IV, pp.183-187, 2009.

J. A. Calbet, J. A. De-paz, N. Garatachea, S. Cabeza-de-vaca, C. et al., Anaerobic energy provision does not limit wingate exercise performance in endurance-trained cyclists, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.94, pp.668-676, 2003.

R. F. Chapman, J. L. Stickford, and B. D. Levine, Altitude training considerations for the winter sport athlete, Exp. Physiol, vol.95, pp.411-421, 2010.

R. J. Christian, D. J. Bishop, F. Billaut, and O. Girard, Peripheral fatigue is not critically regulated during maximal, intermittent, dynamic leg extensions, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.117, pp.1063-1073, 2014.

R. A. De-blasi, M. Cope, C. Elwell, F. Safoue, and M. Ferrari, Noninvasive measurement of human forearm oxygen consumption by near infrared spectroscopy, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol, vol.67, pp.20-25, 1993.

R. A. De-blasi, M. Ferrari, A. Natali, G. Conti, A. Mega et al., Noninvasive measurement of forearm blood flow and oxygen consumption by near-infrared spectroscopy, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.76, pp.1388-1393, 1994.

D. S. Delorey, J. M. Kowalchuk, and D. H. Paterson, Adaptation of pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics and muscle deoxygenation at the onset of heavyintensity exercise in young and older adults, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.98, pp.1697-1704, 2005.

K. A. Edman, J. , and R. K. , Determinants of force rise time during isometric contraction of frog muscle fibres, J. Physiol, vol.580, pp.1007-1019, 2007.

R. M. Enoka, Movement forces, Neuromechanics of Human Movement, pp.57-118, 2002.

R. A. Ferguson, Limitations to performance during alpine skiing, Exp. Physiol, vol.95, 2010.

M. Ferrari, T. Binzoni, and V. Quaresima, Oxidative metabolism in muscle, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci, vol.352, pp.677-683, 1997.

J. P. Folland, M. W. Buckthorpe, H. , and R. , Human capacity for explosive force production: neural and contractile determinants. Scand, J. Med. Sci. Sports, vol.24, pp.894-906, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/sms.12131

O. Girard, F. Brocherie, and G. P. Millet, High altitude increases alteration in maximal torque but not in rapid torque development in knee extensors after repeated treadmill sprinting, Front. Physiol, vol.7, p.97, 2016.
DOI : 10.3389/fphys.2016.00097
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01627090

O. Girard and G. Millet, Maximajl rate of force development can represent a more functional measure of muscle activation, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.107, pp.367-368, 2009.

S. Goodall, J. González-alonso, L. Ali, E. Z. Ross, and L. M. Romer, Supraspinal fatigue after normoxic and hypoxic exercise in humans, J. Physiol, vol.590, pp.2767-2782, 2012.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.228890
URL : https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.228890

S. Goodall, E. Z. Ross, and L. M. Romer, Effect of graded hypoxia on supraspinal contributions to fatigue with unilateral knee-extensor contractions, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.109, pp.1842-1851, 2010.
DOI : 10.1152/japplphysiol.00458.2010
URL : http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/10072/3/Notice.pdf

M. Gruet, J. Temesi, T. Rupp, P. Levy, S. Verges et al., Dynamics of corticospinal changes during and after high-intensity quadriceps exercise, Exp. Physiol, vol.99, pp.1053-1064, 2014.
DOI : 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.078840
URL : https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1113/expphysiol.2014.078840

B. Haaland, S. E. Steenstrup, T. Bere, R. Bahr, and L. Nordsletten, Injury rate and injury patterns in FIS world cup alpine skiing (2006-2015): have the new ski regulations made an impact?, Br. J. Sports Med, vol.50, pp.32-36, 2016.
DOI : 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095467
URL : https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/50/1/32.full.pdf

H. C. Heitkamp, Training with blood flow restriction. mechanisms, gain in strength and safety, J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, vol.55, pp.446-456, 2015.

M. W. Inness, F. Billaut, E. J. Walker, A. C. Petersen, A. J. Sweeting et al., Heavy resistance training in hypoxia enhances 1RM squat performance, Front. Physiol, vol.7, p.502, 2016.
DOI : 10.3389/fphys.2016.00502
URL : https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00502/pdf

M. J. Jordan, P. Aagaard, and W. Herzog, Rapid hamstrings/quadriceps strength in ACL-reconstructed elite alpine ski racers, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, vol.47, pp.109-119, 2015.

M. J. Jordan, P. Aagaard, and W. Herzog, Anterior cruciate ligament injury/reinjury in alpine ski racing: a narrative review, Open Access J. Sports Med, vol.8, pp.71-83, 2017.
DOI : 10.2147/oajsm.s106699
URL : https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=35749

Y. Kawahara, Y. Saito, K. Kashimura, and I. Muraoka, Relationship between muscle oxygenation kinetics and the rate of decline in peak torque during isokinetic knee extension in acute hypoxia and normoxia, Int. J. Sports Med, vol.29, pp.379-383, 2008.

T. Kiryu, T. Murayama, and Y. Ushiyama, Influence of muscular fatigue on skiing performance during parallel turns, Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc, pp.8187-8190, 2011.
DOI : 10.1109/iembs.2011.6092019

A. Koller, B. Fuchs, V. Leichtfried, and W. Schobersberger, Decrease in eccentric quadriceps and hamstring strength in recreational alpine skiers after prolonged skiing, BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med, vol.1, 2015.
DOI : 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000028
URL : http://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/1/1/bmjsem-2015-000028.full.pdf

J. Kröll, E. Müller, J. G. Seifert, and J. M. Wakeling, Changes in quadriceps muscle activity during sustained recreational alpine skiing, J. Sports Sci. Med, vol.10, pp.81-92, 2011.

J. Kröll, J. Seifert, P. Scheiber, H. Schwameder, and E. Müller, Muscle fatigue in alpine skiing: determination through phase shifting in EMG, Proceedings of the European College of Sports Science, pp.178-179, 2005.

A. Lloyd, M. Raccuglia, S. Hodder, and G. Havenith, Interaction between environmental temperature and hypoxia on central and peripheral fatigue during high-intensity dynamic knee extension, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.120, pp.567-579, 2016.
DOI : 10.1152/japplphysiol.00876.2015
URL : https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/bitstream/2134/20166/1/japplphysiol.00876.2015.full.pdf

N. A. Maffiuletti, P. Aagaard, A. J. Blazevich, J. Folland, N. Tillin et al., Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol, vol.116, pp.1091-1116, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s00421-016-3346-6
URL : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00421-016-3346-6.pdf

K. Matsushita, S. Homma, and E. Okada, Influence of adipose tissue on muscle oxygenation measurement with an NIRS instrument, Proc. SPIE, vol.3194, pp.159-166, 1998.
DOI : 10.1117/12.301048

G. P. Millet, R. Faiss, P. , and V. , Point: hypobaric hypoxia induces different physiological responses from normobaric hypoxia, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.112, pp.1783-1784, 2012.

B. Morel, D. M. Rouffet, D. Saboul, S. Rota, M. Clémençon et al., Peak torque and rate of torque development influence on repeated maximal exercise performance: contractile and neural contributions, PLoS One, vol.10, p.119719, 2015.

S. Perrey, S. Racinais, K. Saimouaa, and O. Girard, Neural and muscular adjustments following repeated running sprints, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol, vol.109, pp.1027-1036, 2010.

Y. Pua, B. F. Mentiplay, R. A. Clark, and J. Ho, Associations among quadriceps strength and rate of torque development 6 weeks post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and future hop and vertical jump performance: a prospective cohort study, J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther, vol.47, pp.845-852, 2017.

N. Pujol, M. P. Blanchi, C. , and P. , The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries among competitive Alpine skiers: a 25-year investigation, Am. J. Sports Med, vol.35, pp.1070-1074, 2007.

S. Racinais, Hot ambient conditions shift the force / EMG relationship, Springerplus, vol.2, p.317, 2013.

S. Racinais, N. Gaoua, K. Mtibaa, R. Whiteley, C. Hautier et al., Effect of cold on proprioception and cognitive function in elite alpine skiers, Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform, vol.12, pp.69-74, 2017.

D. J. Ramos-campo, I. Martínez-guardado, G. Olcina, C. Marín-pagán, F. J. Martínez-noguera et al., Effect of high-intensity resistance circuit-based training in hypoxia on aerobic performance and repeat sprint ability. Scand, J. Med. Sci. Sports, 2018.

D. J. Ramos-campo, B. R. Scott, P. E. Alcaraz, and J. A. Rubio-arias, The efficacy of resistance training in hypoxia to enhance strength and muscle growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Eur. J. Sport Sci, vol.18, pp.92-103, 2018.

K. W. Rundell, S. Nioka, C. , and B. , Hemoglobin/myoglobin desaturation during speed skating, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, vol.29, pp.248-258, 1997.

T. Rupp, S. Racinais, A. Bringard, T. Lapole, P. et al., Modulation of exercise-induced spinal loop properties in response to oxygen availability, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol, vol.115, pp.471-482, 2015.

S. Sangnier, T. , and C. , Study of the fatigue curve in quadriceps and hamstrings of soccer players during isokinetic endurance testing, J. Strength Cond. Res, vol.22, pp.1458-1467, 2008.

L. Szmedra, J. Im, S. Nioka, B. Chance, and K. W. Rundell, , 2001.

, Hemoglobin/myoglobin oxygen desaturation during Alpine skiing

, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, vol.33, pp.232-236

P. Tesch, L. Larsson, A. Eriksson, K. , and J. , Muscle glycogen depletion and lactate concentration during downhill skiing, Med. Sci. Sports, vol.10, pp.85-90, 1978.

P. A. Tesch, W. , and J. E. , Recovery from short term intense exercise: its relation to capillary supply and blood lactate concentration, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol, vol.52, pp.98-103, 1983.

N. A. Tillin, P. Jimenez-reyes, M. T. Pain, and J. P. Folland, Neuromuscular performance of explosive power athletes versus untrained individuals, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, vol.42, pp.781-790, 2010.

N. A. Tillin, M. T. Pain, F. , and J. , Explosive force production during isometric squats correlates with athletic performance in rugby union players, J. Sports Sci, vol.31, pp.66-76, 2013.

K. Tomazin, A. Dolenec, and V. Strojnik, High-frequency fatigue after alpine slalom skiing, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol, vol.103, pp.189-194, 2008.

J. R. Turnbull, A. E. Kilding, and J. W. Keogh, Physiology of alpine skiing. Scand, J. Med. Sci. Sports, vol.19, pp.146-155, 2009.

Y. Ushiyama, T. Chigira, T. Murayama, and T. Kiryu, Muscle fatigue evaluation system applicable while skiing using EMG and knee joint angles, Trans. Jpn. Soc. Med. Biol. Eng, vol.43, pp.616-622, 2005.

A. L. Wittekind, D. Micklewright, and R. Beneke, Teleoanticipation in allout short-duration cycling, Br. J. Sports Med, vol.45, pp.114-119, 2011.

S. Zhou, M. F. Carey, R. J. Snow, D. L. Lawson, and W. E. Morrison, Effects of muscle fatigue and temperature on electromechanical delay, Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol, vol.38, pp.67-73, 1998.

J. A. Zoladz, D. Semik, B. Zawadowska, J. Majerczak, J. Karasinski et al., Capillary density and capillary-to-fibre ratio in vastus lateralis muscle of untrained and trained men, Folia Histochem. Cytobiol, vol.43, pp.11-17, 2005.