A. Koçyigit, H. Yusufoglu, and E. Bozkurt, Discussion on evidence from the Gediz Graben 990 for episodic two-stage extension in western Turkey, Journal of the Geological Society, p.991, 1999.

. London, , vol.156, pp.1240-1242

A. Koçyi?it, An overview on the main stratigraphic and structural features of a 993 geothermal area: the case of Nazilli-Buharkent section of the Büyük Menderes Graben, SW 994 Turkey, Geodinamica Acta, vol.27, issue.2-3, pp.85-109, 2015.

R. Kose, Geothermal energy potential for power generation in Turkey: a case study in 996, 2007.

K. Simav, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol.11, issue.3, pp.497-511

J. T. Kulongoski, D. R. Hilton, and J. A. Izbicki, Source and movement of helium in the 998 eastern Morongo groundwater Basin: the influence of regional tectonics on crustal and 999 mantle helium fluxes, Geochimica et cosmochimica Acta, vol.69, issue.15, pp.3857-3872, 2005.

A. H. Lachenbruch and J. H. Saas, Heat flow from Cajon Pass, fault strength, and tectonic 1001 implications, J. Geophys. Res, vol.97, pp.4995-5015, 1992.

L. T. Larson and Y. A. Erler, The epithermal lithogeochemical signature-a persistent 1003 characterization of precious metal mineralization at Kursunlu and Örencik, two prospects of 1004 very different geology in western Turkey, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol.47, issue.1-3, pp.1005-321, 1993.

P. H. Leloup, Y. Ricard, J. Battaglia, and R. Lacassin, Shear heating in continental strike-1007 slip shear zones: model and field examples, Geophys. J. Int, vol.136, pp.19-40, 1999.

D. Maddy, A. Veldkamp, T. Demir, W. Van-gorp, J. R. Wijbrans et al., The Gediz River fluvial archive: A benchmark for Quaternary 1010 research in Western Anatolia, Quaternary science reviews, vol.166, pp.289-306, 2017.

F. Magri, T. Akar, U. Gemici, and A. Pekdeger, Deep geothermal groundwater flow in the 1012, 2010.

. Seferihisar-balçova-area, Turkey: results from transient numerical simulations of coupled 1013 fluid flow and heat transport processes, Geofluids, vol.10, pp.388-405

A. Malinverno and W. B. Ryan, Extension in the Tyrrhenian Sea and shortening in the 1015, 1986.

, Apennines as result of arc migration driven by sinking of the lithosphere, Tectonics, vol.5, p.245

B. Marty, R. K. O'nions, E. R. Oxburgh, D. Martel, and S. Lombardi, Helium isotopes in 1018 Alpine regions, Tectonophysics, vol.206, issue.1, pp.71-78, 1992.

C. M. Schlinger, Magnetization of lower crust and interpretation of regional magnetic 1126 anomalies: Example from Lofoten and Vesterålen, Norway. Journal of Geophysical 1127 Research: Solid Earth, vol.90, issue.B13, pp.11484-11504, 1985.

C. H. Scholz, Shear heating and the state of stress on faults, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, vol.85, pp.6174-6184, 1129.

G. Seyitoglu, The Simav graben: an example of young EW trending structures in the Late 1131, 1997.

, Cenozoic extensional system of western Turkey, Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.6, pp.1132-135

G. Seyito?lu and B. Scott, Late Cenozoic crustal extension and basin formation in west 1134, 1991.

, Turkey. Geological Magazine, vol.128, issue.2, pp.155-166

G. Seyíto?lu and B. C. Scott, The cause of NS extensional tectonics in western Turkey: 1136 tectonic escape vs back-arc spreading vs orogenic collapse, Journal of Geodynamics, vol.22, issue.1-1137 2, pp.145-153, 1996.

G. Seyito?lu and V. I?ik, Late cenozoic extensional tectonics in western anatolia: 1139 exhumation of the menderes core complex and formation of related basins, Bulletin Of The, p.1140, 2015.

, Mineral Research and Exploration

G. Seyito?lu, B. C. Scott, and C. C. Rundle, Timing of Cenozoic extensional tectonics in 1142 west Turkey, Journal of the Geological Society, vol.149, issue.4, pp.533-538, 1992.

G. Seyitoglu, O. Tekeli, I. Çemen, S. Sen, and V. Isik, The role of the flexural 1144 rotation/rolling hinge model in the tectonic evolution of the Alasehir graben, western 1145 Turkey, Geol. Mag, vol.139, pp.15-26, 2002.

G. Seyito?lu, V. I??k, and I. Cemen, Complete Tertiary exhumation history of the Menderes 1147 massif, western Turkey: an alternative working hypothesis, Terra Nova, vol.16, issue.6, pp.358-364, 2004.

G. Seyito?lu, V. I?ik, and K. Esat, A 3D model for the formation of turtleback surfaces: the 1149, 2014.

, Horzum Turtleback of western Turkey as a case study, Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, issue.5, pp.479-494

G. Seyito?lu and V. I?ik, Late Cenozoic extensional tectonics in western anatolia: 1152 exhumation of the Menderes Core Complex and formation of related basins. Bulletin of the 1153 mineral research and exploration, 2015.

S. M. Sheppard, The Cornubian batholith, SW England: D/H and 18O/16O studies of 1155 kaolinite and other alteration minerals, Journal of the Geological Society, vol.133, issue.6, pp.573-591, 1977.

S. Tekin and S. Akin, Estimation of the Formation Temperature from the Inlet and Outlet 1192, 2011.

, Mud Temperatures while Drilling Geothermal Formations, Proceedings of 36th

U. Temiz and J. Eikenberg, U/Th dating of the travertine deposited at transfer zone between 1195 two normal faults and their neotectonic significance: Cambazli fissure ridge travertines, p.1196, 2011.

, Gediz Graben-Turkey). Geodinamica acta, vol.24, issue.2, pp.95-105

A. K. Tezcan, Geothermal explorations and heat flow in Turkey, Terr. Heat Flow, p.1198, 1995.

, Geotherm. Energy Asia, pp.23-42

O. Tureyen, A. Gulgor, B. Erkan, and A. Satman, Recent expansions of power plants in 1200 Figuris concession in the Germencik geothermal field, Turkey, Proceedings, 2016.

E. U. Ulugergerli, G. Seyito?lu, A. T. Ba?okur, C. Kaya, U. Dikmen et al., The geoelectrical structure of northwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Pure and Applied, p.1203, 1202.

. Geophysics, , vol.164, pp.999-1026

A. Vengosh, C. Helvac?, and ?. H. Karamanderesi, Geochemical constraints for the origin of 1205 thermal waters from western Turkey, Appl. Geochem, vol.17, pp.163-183, 2002.

P. E. Wannamaker, D. P. Hasterok, and W. M. Doerner, Possible magmatic input to the 1207, 2006.

, Dixie Valley geothermal field, and implications for district-scale resource exploration, 1208 inferred from magnetotelluric (MT) resistivity surveying, GRC 2006 Annual Meeting: 1209 Geothermal Resources-Securing Our Energy Future

M. J. Wortel and W. Spakman, Subduction and slab detachment in the Mediterranean-1211 Carpathian region, Science, vol.290, pp.1910-1917, 2000.

N. Yildirim, O. Aydogdu, and S. Sarp, Constraint problems and solution alternatives for 1213 potentially available integrated geothermal energy utilization in Turkey, Geotherm. Congr, 1214.

S. Y?lmazer and ?. Karamanderesi, Kur?unlu jeotermal alan?n?n (Salihli-Manisa) jeolojisi ve 1216 jeotermal potansiteli, Dünya Enerji Konseyi Türkiye, vol.6, pp.17-22, 1994.

S. Y?lmazer, S. Pasvano?lu, and S. Vural, The relation of geothermal resources with young 1218 tectonics in the Gediz graben (West Anatolia, Turkey) and their hydrogeochemical 1219 analyses, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, pp.1-10, 2010.

, Plot of ?D vs ?18O diagram for different water types. The field 1259 of magmatic water and formation waters are taken from Taylor (1974). The field for magmatic 1260 waters from the granites of Cornwall is from Sheppard, Fig. 2: ?D vs ?18O diagrams. (a), p.1261, 1977.

. Epstein, The metamorphic water field combines the values of Taylor, p.1262, 1965.

. Sheppard, Red rectangle indicates the field of all isotopic data from the Menderes Massif. 1263 (b) Stable isotope compositions of the geothermal reservoir fluids in the studied areas showing 1264 hot and cold waters wells. Abbreviations: HW (Hot water well), CW (Cold water well). (c) Stable 1265 isotopes of different geothermal fields in the Büyük Menderes Graben. Abbreviation: UK 1266 (unknow sampling locations). (d) Stable isotopes of springs in three main basins, p.1267, 1981.

, Compilation of data from Filiz et al, HS, p.1268, 2000.

G. ;. Tarcan, Simsek (2003) and Özen, 2003.

, magmatic fluids (>15% mantle-He), II = crustal signature (<1% mantle-He)

, Calcite and quartz vein parallel to the bedding, located few meters below the main 1304 fault plane. The position of the pictures is indicated in Fig, p.1306

, Brittle deformation in the Salihli area. (a) N-S strike-slip fault in the Kur?unlu valley, vol.6, p.1308

E. , striking normal faults are cross-cut by N-S strike-slip fault. (c) Close-up view of a slip-plane 1309 in the basement of the Menderes indicating nearly horizontal with a normal component 1310 slickenlines. (d) Calcite indicating fluid circulation close to the strike-slip fault. The position of 1311 the pictures is

, angle contact between metamorphic rocks (augen gneiss unit) and Neogene sediments. (e) and (f), p.1319

, Metric 1320 damaged zone in sediments. The position of the pictures is indicated in Fig. 4a. 1321 1322 the fault plane showing well-preserved slickenlines. (e) Fault plane and associated striae 1360 belonging to the E-W trending normal fault. See Fig, Close-up view of ultracataclasites and centimetric pseudotachylytes, respectively. (g)

, Conceptual models at different scales showing the heat source origin and main structural 1364 controls on fluid flows in the Menderes Massif. (a) Synthetic simplified block diagram at basin-1365 scale showing the relationships between these faults. Numbers show different type of faults, vol.12

, Geothermal features and fluid circulation are also indicated. (b) Role of the detachment on deep 1367 circulation in the Menderes Massif. Main structures are indicated in abbreviations: AD, 1368.

, BD (Büyük Menderes detachment

, SD (Simav detachment) and SMSZ

, Menderes shear zone). (c) Tentative 3D reconstruction and flow directions in the mantle (red 1370 arrows) of the Aegean region before the recent slab tear below the Corinth Rift and after. Red 1371 line and red arrows show the main detachments and kinematic of extension in this region, 1372 respectively. Yellow arrows indicate the slab retreat in the Aegean domain. Main structures are 1373 indicated in abbreviations: AD (Ala?ehir detachment), BD (Büyük Menderes detachment, NAF 1374 (North Anatolian Fault), 1375.