J. Uribe-godínez, V. García-montalvo, and O. Jiménez-sandoval, Development of Irbased and Rh-based catalyst electrodes for PEM fuel cell applications, Int J Hydrogen Energy, vol.18, pp.7680-7683, 2013.

A. D. Little and . Inc, Cost analysis of fuel cell system for transportation: baseline system cost estimate, Cambridge: Department of Energy Final Report, 2000.

H. Zhong, H. Zhang, Y. Liang, J. Zhang, M. Wang et al., A novel non-noble electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, J Power Sources, vol.164, issue.2, pp.572-579, 2007.

F. Charreteur, F. Jaoeun, S. Ruggeri, and J. Dodelet, Fe/N/C nonprecious metal catalysts for PEM fuel cells: influence of the structural parameters of pristine commercial carbon blacks on their activity for oxygen reduction, Electrochim Acta, vol.53, pp.2925-2963, 2008.

M. Lefevre, E. Proietti, F. Jaouen, and J. Dodelet, Iron-based catalysts with improved oxygen reduction activity in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, Science, vol.324, pp.71-75, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00800345

H. M. Hernández-hernández, J. M. Olivares-ramírez, and O. Jiménez-sandoval, Performance of novel bimetallic carbonyl clusters as PEM fuel cell anodes, a comparative study, Int J Hydrogen Energy, vol.38, pp.7674-7683, 2013.

S. Sh and H. Jean, Improved carbon nanostructures as a novel catalyst support in the cathode side of PEMFC: a critical review, Carbon, vol.94, pp.705-733, 2015.

S. Sh and H. Jean, The effect of low platinum loading on the efficiency of PEMFC's electrocatalysts supported on TiO 2-Nb, and SnO 2-Nb: an experimental comparison between active and stable conditions, Energy Convers Manage, vol.103, pp.681-90, 2015.

S. Bhlapibul, K. Pruksathorn, and P. Piumsomboon, The effect of the stabilizer on the properties of a synthetic Ni core-Pt shell catalyst for PEM fuel cells, Renew Energy, vol.41, pp.262-268, 2012.

J. C. Calderón, N. Mahata, M. Pereira, J. L. Figueiredo, V. R. Fernandes et al., Pt-Ru catalysts supported on carbon xerogels for PEM fuel cells, Int J Hydrogen Energy, vol.37, pp.7200-7211, 2012.

A. Seifitokaldani and O. Savadogo, Electrochemically stable titanium oxy-nitride support for platinum electro-catalyst for PEM fuel cell applications, Electrochim Acta, vol.167, pp.237-282, 2015.

X. Quan, Y. Mei, H. Xu, B. Sun, and X. Zhang, Optimization of Pt-Pd alloy catalyst and supporting materials for oxygen reduction in air-cathode microbial fuel cells, Electrochim Acta, vol.165, pp.72-79, 2015.

K. Senevirathne, V. Neburchilov, V. Alzate, R. Baker, R. Neagu et al., Nbdoped TiO 2 /carbon composite supports synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell catalysts, J Power Sources, vol.220, pp.1-9, 2012.

P. Zamani, D. Higgins, F. Hassan, G. Jiang, J. Wu et al., Electrospun iron-polyaniline-polyacrylonitrile derived nanofibers as non-precious oxygen reduction reaction catalysts for PEM fuel cells, Electrochim Acta, vol.139, pp.111-117, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.07.007

M. Xu, C. Li, H. Ren, L. Ding, K. Xu et al., Carbon-supported Co-phthalocyanine modified with pyridine, 2-acid pyridine and 2-methyl pyridine as novel cathode catalysts for alkaline PEM fuel cells, J Mol Cat A-Chem, vol.390, pp.69-75, 2014.

Y. Bing, H. Liu, L. Zhang, D. Ghosh, and J. Zhang, Nanostructured Pt-alloy electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction, Chem Soc Rev, vol.39, pp.2184-202, 2010.
DOI : 10.1039/b912552c

URL : https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=5b6d4ebb-480a-4c42-8e4a-92079c5f643b

E. Antolini, J. Salgado, and E. R. Gozalez, The stability of Pt-M (M = first row transition metal) alloy catalysts and its effect on the activity in low temperature fuel cells: a literature review and tests on a Pt-Co catalyst, J Power Sources, vol.160, pp.957-68, 2006.

O. Sh and T. Sasaki, Durability of a PEMFC Pt-Co cathode catalyst layer during voltage cycling tests under supersaturated humidity conditions, Electrochim Acta, vol.102, pp.336-377, 2013.

X. Z. Yuan, H. Li, S. Zhang, J. Martin, and H. Wang, A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell durability test protocols, J Power Sources, vol.196, pp.9107-9123, 2011.

G. S. Avcioglu, B. Ficicilar, A. Bayrakceken, and I. Eroglu, High performance PEM fuel cell catalyst layers with hydrophobic channels, Int J Hydrogen Energy, vol.40, pp.7720-7751, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.02.004

M. Blanco, D. P. Wilkinson, and H. Wang, Application of water barrier layers in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for improved water management at low humidity conditions, Int J Hydrogen Energy, vol.36, pp.3635-3683, 2011.

Y. Wang, L. Wang, S. G. Advani, and A. K. Prasad, Double-layer gas diffusion media for improved water management in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, J Power Sources, vol.292, pp.39-48, 2015.

T. Kitahara, H. Nakajima, and K. Okamura, Gas diffusion layers coated with a microporous layer containing hydrophilic carbon nanotubes for performance enhancement of polymer electrolyte fuel cells under both low and high humidity conditions, J Power Sources, vol.283, pp.115-139, 2015.

N. Chaisubanan, K. Pruksathorn, H. Vergnes, and M. Hunsom, Effect of the TiO 2 phase and loading on oxygen reduction reaction activity of PtCo/C catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Kor, J Chem Eng, vol.32, pp.1305-1318, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01894493

K. Fugane, M. Toshiyuki, R. O. Ding, A. Suzuki, H. Yoshikawa et al., Activity of oxygen reduction reaction on small amount of amorphous CeO x promoted Pt cathode for fuel cell application, Electrochim Acta, vol.56, pp.3874-83, 2011.

S. Litster and G. Mclean, PEM fuel cell electrodes: review, J Power Source, vol.130, pp.61-76, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/b978-008044696-7/50056-8

V. Rico-pérez and A. Bueno-lópez, Effect of RhO x /CeO 2 calcination on metalsupport interaction and catalytic activity for N 2 O decomposition, Appl Sci, vol.4, pp.468-81, 2014.

L. Leelaruji and M. Hunsom, Alcohol reduction-mediated preparation of a nanoscale Pt/C electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in PEM fuel cells, Renew Energy, vol.35, pp.2422-2452, 2010.

A. G. Pandolfo and A. F. Hollenkamp, Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors, J Power Sources, vol.157, pp.11-27, 2006.

G. Bracco and B. Holst, Surface science techniques, springer series in surface sciences, 2013.

A. ?. Vuk, B. Orel, R. J. Dra?i, and G. , The effect of surface hydroxyl groups on the adsorption properties of nanocrystalline TiO 2 films, In J Photoenerg, vol.7, pp.163-171, 2005.

H. M. Kim, S. B. Seo, D. Y. Kim, K. Bae, and S. Y. Sohn, Enhanced hydrophilic property of TiO 2 thin film deposited on glass etched with O 2 plasma, TEEM, vol.14, issue.3, pp.152-157, 2013.

A. Buranawong, N. Witit-anun, and S. Chaiyakun, Total pressure and annealing temperature effects on structure and photo-induce hydrophilicity of reactive DC sputtered TiO 2 thin films, Eng J, vol.16, pp.79-89, 2012.

A. J. Bard and L. R. Faulkner, Electrochemical methods: fundamentals and applications, 2000.

A. M. Eppler, I. M. Ballard, and J. Nelson, Charge transport in porous nanocrystalline titanium dioxide, Physica E, vol.14, pp.197-202, 2002.

K. Pomoni, M. V. Sofianou, T. Georgakopoulos, N. Boukos, and C. Trapalis, Electrical conductivity studies of anatase TiO 2 with dominant highly reactive 0 0 1 facets, J Alloys Comp, vol.548, pp.194-200, 2013.

H. R. Colón-mercado, H. Kim, and B. N. Popov, Durability study of Pt 3 Ni 1 catalysts as cathode in PEM fuel cell, Electrochem Commun, vol.6, pp.795-804, 2004.