H. C. Etchevers, C. Vincent, N. M. Le-douarin, and G. F. Couly, The cephalic neural crest provides pericytes and smooth muscle cells to all blood vessels of the face and forebrain, Development, vol.128, pp.1059-68, 2001.

H. C. Etchevers, J. Amiel, and S. Lyonnet, Molecular Bases of Human Neurocristopathies, Neural Crest Induction and Differentiation, pp.213-234, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/978-0-387-46954-6_14

H. C. Etchevers, C. Rose, B. Kahle, H. Vorbringer, F. Fina et al., Giant congenital melanocytic nevus with vascular malformation and epidermal cysts associated with a somatic activating mutation in BRAF, Pigment Cell Melanoma Res, vol.31, pp.437-441, 2018.
DOI : 10.1111/pcmr.12685
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01613153

A. L. Evans and P. J. Gage, Expression of the homeobox gene Pitx2 in neural crest is required for optic stalk and ocular anterior segment development, Hum. Mol. Genet, vol.14, pp.3347-3359, 2005.

K. J. Fernandes, I. A. Mckenzie, P. Mill, K. M. Smith, M. Akhavan et al., A dermal niche for multipotent adult skin-derived precursor cells, Nat. Cell Biol, vol.6, pp.1082-93, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/ncb1181

E. Frank and J. R. Sanes, Lineage of neurons and glia in chick dorsal root ganglia: analysis in vivo with a recombinant retrovirus, Development, vol.111, pp.895-908, 1991.

S. E. Fraser and M. Bronner-fraser, Migrating neural crest cells in the trunk of the avian embryo are multipotent, Development, vol.112, pp.913-920, 1991.

A. Furlan and I. Adameyko, Schwann cell precursor: a neural crest cell in disguise?, Dev. Biol. pii, issue.17, pp.30852-30859, 2018.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.02.008
URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.02.008

A. Furlan, V. Dyachuk, M. E. Kastriti, L. Calvo-enrique, H. Abdo et al., Multipotent peripheral glial cells generate neuroendocrine cells of the adrenal medulla, Science, vol.357, pp.39-46, 2017.

P. J. Gage, W. Rhoades, S. K. Prucka, and T. Hjalt, Fate maps of neural crest and mesoderm in the mammalian eye, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci, vol.46, pp.4200-4208, 2005.

C. Gans and R. G. Northcutt, Neural Crest and the Origin of Vertebrates: A New Head, Science, vol.220, pp.268-273, 1983.

M. Gendron-maguire, M. Mallo, M. Zhang, and T. Gridley, Hoxa-2 mutant mice exhibit homeotic transformation of skeletal elements derived from cranial neural crest, Cell, vol.75, pp.1317-1348, 1993.

L. B. Giebel and R. A. Spritz, Mutation of the KIT (mast/stem cell growth factor receptor) protooncogene in human piebaldism, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.88, pp.8696-8705, 1991.

L. O. Goodwin, E. Splinter, T. L. Davis, R. Urban, H. He et al., Large-scale discovery of mouse transgenic integration sites reveals frequent structural variation and insertional mutagenesis, vol.236307, 2017.
DOI : 10.1101/236307
URL : https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2017/12/18/236307.full.pdf

T. Matsuoka, P. E. Ahlberg, N. Kessaris, P. Iannarelli, U. Dennehy et al., Neural crest origins of the neck and shoulder, Nature, vol.436, pp.347-55, 2005.

I. M. Mcgonnell and A. Graham, Trunk neural crest has skeletogenic potential, Curr. Biol, vol.12, pp.767-771, 2002.

M. C. Mckinney, K. Fukatsu, J. Morrison, R. Mclennan, M. E. Bronner et al., Evidence for dynamic rearrangements but lack of fate or position restrictions in premigratory avian trunk neural crest, Development, vol.140, pp.820-850, 2013.

R. Mclennan, L. J. Schumacher, J. A. Morrison, J. M. Teddy, D. A. Ridenour et al., VEGF Signals induce trailblazer cell identity that Drives Neural Crest Migration, Dev. Biol, vol.407, pp.12-25, 2015.

L. Menendez, T. A. Yatskievych, P. B. Antin, and S. Dalton, Wnt signaling and a Smad pathway blockade direct the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to multipotent neural crest cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.109, pp.9220-9220, 2012.

D. Metcalf, Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Tissue Stem Cells: Current Concepts and Unanswered Questions, Stem Cells, vol.25, pp.2390-2395, 2007.

C. Milet, F. Maczkowiak, D. D. Roche, and A. H. Monsoro-burq, Pax3 and Zic1 drive induction and differentiation of multipotent, migratory, and functional neural crest in Xenopus embryos, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.110, pp.5528-5561, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01183640

S. J. Morrison, P. M. White, C. Zock, and D. J. Anderson, Prospective identification, isolation by flow cytometry, and in vivo self-renewal of multipotent mammalian neural crest stem cells, Cell, vol.96, pp.737-786, 1999.

T. Motohashi and T. Kunisada, Extended multipotency of neural crest cells and neural crest-derived cells, Curr. Top. Dev. Biol, vol.111, pp.69-95, 2015.

N. Nagoshi, S. Shibata, Y. Kubota, M. Nakamura, Y. Nagai et al., Ontogeny and Multipotency of Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells in Mouse Bone Marrow, Dorsal Root Ganglia, and Whisker Pad, Cell Stem Cell, vol.2, pp.392-403, 2008.

K. E. Nakano and H. Nakamura, Origin of the irideal striated muscle in birds, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol, vol.88, pp.1-13, 1985.

M. Nakashima, M. Miyajima, H. Sugano, Y. Iimura, M. Kato et al., The somatic GNAQ mutation c.548G>A (p.R183Q) is consistently found in Sturge-Weber syndrome, J. Hum. Genet, vol.59, pp.691-693, 2014.

D. M. Noden, An analysis of the migratory behavior of avian cephalic neural crest cells, Dev. Biol, vol.42, pp.106-130, 1975.

D. M. Noden, The control of avian cephalic neural crest cytodifferentiation. I. Skeletal and connective tissues, Dev. Biol, vol.67, pp.296-312, 1978.

R. G. Northcutt, The new head hypothesis revisited, J. Exp. Zool, vol.304, pp.274-297, 2005.

Y. Ohkubo, C. Chiang, and J. L. Rubenstein, Coordinate regulation and synergistic actions of BMP4, SHH and FGF8 in the rostral prosencephalon regulate morphogenesis of the telencephalic and optic vesicles, Neuroscience, vol.111, pp.1-17, 2002.

J. B. Oliveira, N. Bidere, J. E. Niemela, L. Zheng, K. Sakai et al., NRAS mutation causes a human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.104, pp.8953-8958, 2007.

N. Osumi-yamashita, Y. Ninomiya, H. Doi, and K. Eto, The contribution of both forebrain and midbrain crest cells to the mesenchyme in the frontonasal mass of mouse embryos, Dev. Biol, vol.164, pp.409-428, 1994.

K. Othman-hassan, K. Patel, M. Papoutsi, M. Rodriguez-niedenführ, B. Christ et al., Arterial identity of endothelial cells is controlled by local cues, Dev. Biol, vol.237, pp.398-409, 2001.

A. G. Pearse, J. M. Polak, F. W. Rost, J. Fontaine, C. Le-lievre et al., Demonstration of the neural crest origin of type I (APUD) cells in the avian carotid body, using a cytochemical marker system, Histochemie, vol.34, pp.191-203, 1973.

T. Pietri, O. Eder, M. Blanche, J. P. Thiery, and S. Dufour, The human tissue plasminogen activator-Cre mouse: a new tool for targeting specifically neural crest cells and their derivatives in vivo, Dev. Biol, vol.259, pp.176-187, 2003.

V. Pingault, D. Ente, . Dastot-le, F. Moal, M. Goossens et al., Review and update of mutations causing Waardenburg syndrome, Hum. Mutat, vol.31, pp.391-406, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00483195

J. B. Platt, The Development of the Cartilaginous Skull and of the Branchial and Hypoglossal Musculature in Necturus, Morphol. Jahrb, vol.25, pp.377-464, 1897.

J. Plouhinec, D. D. Roche, C. Pegoraro, A. Figueiredo, F. Maczkowiak et al., Pax3 and Zic1 trigger the early neural crest gene regulatory network by the direct activation of multiple key neural crest specifiers, Dev. Biol, vol.386, pp.461-72, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01101867

J. M. Polak, A. G. Pearse, C. Le-lievre, J. Fontaine, and N. M. Le-douarin, Immunocytochemical confirmation of the neural crest origin of avian calcitonin-producing cells, Histochemistry, vol.40, pp.209-214, 1974.

C. Pouget, K. Pottin, and T. Jaffredo, Sclerotomal origin of vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes in the embryo, Dev. Biol, vol.315, pp.437-447, 2008.

E. G. Puffenberger, K. Hosoda, S. S. Washington, K. Nakao, D. Dewit et al., A missense mutation of the endothelin-B receptor gene in multigenic Hirschsprung's disease, Cell, vol.79, pp.1257-66, 1994.

A. Rada-iglesias, R. Bajpai, S. Prescott, S. A. Brugmann, T. Swigut et al., Epigenomic annotation of enhancers predicts transcriptional regulators of human neural crest, Cell Stem Cell, vol.11, pp.633-648, 2012.

D. W. Raible and J. S. Eisen, Restriction of neural crest cell fate in the trunk of the embryonic zebrafish, Development, vol.120, pp.495-503, 1994.

C. P. Raven, Zur entwicklung der Ganglienleiste. I. Die Kinematik der Ganglienleistenentwicklung bei den Urodelen, Wilhelm Roux. Arch. Entwickl. Mech. Org, vol.125, pp.210-292, 1931.
DOI : 10.1007/bf00574187

C. P. Raven, Zur Entwicklung der Ganglienleiste. IV: Untersuchungen über Zeitpunkt und Verlauf der "materiellen Determination "des präsumptiven Kopfganglienleistenmaterials der Urodelen, Wilhelm Roux. Arch. Entwickl. Mech. Org, vol.132, pp.509-575, 1935.
DOI : 10.1007/bf00574187

F. M. Rijli, M. Mark, S. Lakkaraju, A. Dierich, P. Dollé et al., A homeotic transformation is generated in the rostral branchial region of the head by disruption of Hoxa-2, which acts as a selector gene, Cell, vol.75, pp.1333-1382, 1993.

A. Rinon, A. Molchadsky, E. Nathan, G. Yovel, V. Rotter et al., p53 coordinates cranial neural crest cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition/delamination processes, Development, vol.1838, pp.1827-1838, 2011.

M. Sanchez-martin, A. Rodriguez-garcia, J. Perez-losada, A. Sagrera, A. P. Read et al., SLUG (SNAI2) deletions in patients with Waardenburg disease, Hum. Mol. Genet, vol.11, pp.3231-3236, 2002.

B. Sauer and N. Henderson, Site-specific DNA recombination in mammalian cells by the Cre recombinase of bacteriophage P1, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.85, pp.5166-70, 1988.

M. E. Sauer and B. E. Walker, Radioautographic Study of Interkinetic Nuclear Migration in the Neural Tube, Exp. Biol. Med, vol.101, pp.557-560, 1959.

T. Sauka-spengler and M. Bronner-fraser, Evolution of the neural crest viewed from a gene regulatory perspective, Genesis, vol.46, pp.673-682, 2008.

T. F. Schilling and C. B. Kimmel, Segment and cell type lineage restrictions during pharyngeal arch development in the zebrafish embryo, Development, vol.120, pp.483-94, 1994.

G. N. Serbedzija, S. E. Fraser, and M. Bronner-fraser, Pathways of trunk neural crest cell migration in the mouse embryo as revealed by vital dye labelling, Development, vol.108, pp.605-617, 1990.

G. N. Serbedzija, M. Bronner-fraser, and S. E. Fraser, Vital dye analysis of cranial neural crest cell migration in the mouse embryo, Development, vol.116, pp.297-307, 1992.

G. N. Serbedzija, M. Bronner-fraser, and S. E. Fraser, Developmental potential of trunk neural crest cells in the mouse, Development, vol.120, pp.1709-1718, 1994.

R. L. Sidman, I. L. Miale, and N. Feder, Cell proliferation and migration in the primitive ependymal zone; An autoradiographic study of histogenesis in the nervous system, Exp. Neurol, vol.1, pp.322-333, 1959.

M. Sieber-blum and A. M. Cohen, Clonal analysis of quail neural crest cells: they are pluripotent and differentiate in vitro in the absence of noncrest cells, Dev. Biol, vol.80, pp.96-106, 1980.

V. M. Silva, . Da, E. Martinez-barrios, G. Tell-martí, M. Dabad et al., Genetic Abnormalities in Large to Giant Congenital Nevi: Beyond NRAS mutations, J. Invest. Dermatol. pii, issue.18, pp.32683-32689, 2018.

M. Simoes-costa and M. E. Bronner, Establishing neural crest identity: a gene regulatory recipe, Development, vol.142, pp.242-257, 2015.

K. P. Steel and C. Barkway, Another role for melanocytes: their importance for normal stria vascularis development in the mammalian inner ear, Development, vol.107, pp.453-63, 1989.

D. L. Stemple and D. J. Anderson, Isolation of a stem cell for neurons and glia from the mammalian neural crest, Cell, vol.71, pp.973-85, 1992.

L. S. Stone, Experiments on the development of the cranial ganglia and the lateral line sense organs in Amblystoma punctatum, J. Exp. Zool. Part A Ecol. Genet. Physiol, vol.35, pp.420-496, 1922.

L. S. Stone, Further experiments on the extirpation and transplantation of mesectoderm in Amblystoma punctatum, J. Exp. Zool, vol.44, pp.95-131, 1926.

M. Takahashi, T. Iwashita, M. Santoro, S. Lyonnet, G. M. Lenoir et al., Co-segregation of MEN2 and Hirschsprung's disease: the same mutation of RET with both gain and loss-of-function?, Hum. Mutat, vol.13, pp.331-336, 1999.

F. Takakubo, Y. Ikeda, and K. Eto, Stage-specific response of the mesenchyme to excess vitamin A in developing rat facial processes, J. Craniofac. Genet. Dev. Biol, vol.6, pp.41-51, 1986.

S. S. Tan and G. M. Morriss-kay, Analysis of cranial neural crest cell migration and early fates in postimplantation rat chimaeras, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol, vol.98, pp.21-58, 1986.

M. A. Teillet, L. Douarin, and N. , La migration des cellules pigmentaires etudiée par la méthode des greffes héterospecifiques de tube nerveux chez l'embryon d'oiseau. [The migration of pigmentary cells studies by the method of heterospecific grafts of neural tube, 1970.

, C. R. Acad. Sci. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. D, vol.270, pp.3095-3103

S. Temple, Division and differentiation of isolated CNS blast cells in microculture, Nature, vol.340, pp.471-473, 1989.

E. Theveneau and R. Mayor, Neural crest delamination and migration: from epithelium-to-mesenchyme transition to collective cell migration, Dev. Biol, vol.366, pp.34-54, 2012.

S. Thomas, M. Thomas, P. Wincker, C. Babarit, P. Xu et al., Human neural crest cells display molecular and phenotypic hallmarks of stem cells, Hum. Mol. Genet, vol.17, pp.3411-3425, 2008.

J. E. Till and E. A. Mcculloch, A Direct Measurement of the Radiation Sensitivity of Normal Mouse Bone Marrow Cells, Radiat. Res, vol.14, pp.213-235, 1961.

A. Trentin, C. Glavieux-pardanaud, N. M. Le-douarin, and E. Dupin, Self-renewal capacity is a widespread property of various types of neural crest precursor cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, vol.101, pp.4495-4500, 2004.

V. C. Twitty and D. Bodenstein, Experiments on the determination problem I. The roles of ectoderm and neural crest in the development of the dorsal fin in Amphibia. II. Changes in ciliary polarity associated with the induction of fin epidermis, J. Exp. Zool, vol.86, pp.343-380, 1941.

T. Uesaka, H. M. Young, V. Pachnis, and H. Enomoto, Development of the intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the gut, Dev. Biol, vol.417, pp.158-67, 2016.

E. Van-rooijen, M. Fazio, and L. I. Zon, From fish bowl to bedside: The power of zebrafish to unravel melanoma pathogenesis and discover new therapeutics, Pigment Cell Melanoma Res, vol.30, pp.402-412, 2017.

G. A. Vega-lopez, S. Cerrizuela, C. Tribulo, and M. J. Aybar, Neurocristopathies: New insights 150 years after the neural crest discovery, Dev. Biol. pii, issue.17, pp.30838-30840, 2018.

K. E. Von-baer, Über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere. Beobachtung und Reflexion, 1828.

K. Waldo, S. Miyagawa-tomita, D. Kumiski, and M. L. Kirby, Cardiac neural crest cells provide new insight into septation of the cardiac outflow tract: aortic sac to ventricular septal closure, Dev. Biol, vol.196, pp.129-173, 1998.

K. E. Watt and P. A. Trainor, Neurocristopathies: The Etiology and Pathogenesis of Disorders Arising from Defects in Neural Crest Cell Development, Neural Crest Cells: Evolution, Development and Disease, pp.361-394, 2014.

J. A. Weston, A radioautographic analysis of the migration and localization of trunk neural crest cells in the chick, Dev. Biol, vol.6, pp.279-310, 1963.

R. M. White, J. Cech, S. Ratanasirintrawoot, C. Y. Lin, P. B. Rahl et al., DHODH modulates transcriptional elongation in the neural crest and melanoma, Nature, vol.471, pp.518-540, 2011.

C. Willmore-payne, J. A. Holden, S. Tripp, and L. J. Layfield, Human malignant melanoma: detection of BRAF-and ckit-activating mutations by high-resolution amplicon melting analysis, Hum. Pathol, vol.36, pp.486-93, 2005.

C. E. Wong, C. Paratore, M. T. Dours-zimmermann, A. Rochat, T. Pietri et al., Neural crest-derived cells with stem cell features can be traced back to multiple lineages in the adult skin, J. Cell Biol, vol.175, pp.1005-1015, 2006.

Y. Yamauchi, K. Abe, A. Mantani, Y. Hitoshi, M. Suzuki et al., A Novel Transgenic Technique That Allows Specific Marking of the Neural Crest Cell Lineage in Mice, Dev. Biol, vol.212, pp.191-203, 1999.

C. L. Yntema and W. S. Hammond, Experiments on the origin and development of the sacral autonomic nerves in the chick embryo, J. Exp. Zool, vol.129, pp.375-413, 1955.

S. Zaffran, G. Odelin, S. Stefanovic, F. Lescroart, and H. C. Etchevers, Ectopic expression of Hoxb1 induces cardiac and craniofacial malformations, Genesis, vol.56, p.23221, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01851980

N. Zeltner, F. Fattahi, N. C. Dubois, N. Saurat, F. Lafaille et al., Capturing the biology of disease severity in a PSC-based model of familial dysautonomia, Nat. Med, vol.22, pp.1421-1427, 2016.