D. Blasi and C. , Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass pyrolysis, Prog Energy Combust Sci, vol.34, pp.47-90, 2008.

A. Bridgwater, The technical and economic feasibility of biomass gasification for power generation, Fuel, vol.74, issue.5, pp.631-53, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-2361(95)00001-L

R. Warnecke, Gasification of biomass: comparison of fixed bed and fluidized bed gasifier, Biomass and Bioenergy, vol.18, issue.6, pp.489-97, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00009-X

N. Mahinpey and A. Gomez, Review of gasification fundamentals and new findings: Reactors, feedstock, and kinetic studies, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.148, pp.14-31, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ces.2016.03.037

J. Ruiz, M. Juárez, M. Morales, P. Mu?-oz, and M. Mendívil, Biomass gasification for electricity generation: Review of current technology barriers, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol.18, pp.174-83, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.021

H. Hofbauer, R. Rauch, G. Loffler, and S. Kaiser, Six years experience with the FICFBgasification process, 2002.

N. Laurendeau, Heterogeneous kinetics of coal char gasification and combustion, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol.4, issue.4, pp.221-70, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/0360-1285(78)90008-4

J. Szekely, J. Evans, and H. Sohn, Gas-solid reactions, 2012.

M. Morin, S. Pécate, M. Hémati, and Y. Kara, Pyrolysis of biomass in a batch fluidized bed reactor: Effect of the pyrolysis conditions and the nature of the biomass on the physicochemical properties and the reactivity of char, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol.122, pp.511-534, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaap.2016.10.002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01907322

M. Guerrero, M. Ruiz, M. Alzueta, R. Bilbao, and A. Millera, Pyrolysis of eucalyptus at different heating rates: studies of char characterization and oxidative reactivity, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol.74, issue.1-2, pp.307-321, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaap.2004.12.008

E. Cetin, B. Moghtaderi, R. Gupta, and T. Wall, Influence of pyrolysis conditions on the structure and gasification reactivity of biomass chars, Fuel, vol.83, issue.16, pp.2139-50, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fuel.2004.05.008

M. Kumar and R. Gupta, Influence of carbonization conditions on the gasification of acacia and eucalyptus wood chars by carbon dioxide, Fuel, vol.73, issue.12, pp.1922-1927, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-2361(94)90223-2

C. Fushimi, K. Araki, Y. Yamaguchi, and A. Tsutsumi, Effect of Heating Rate on Steam Gasification of Biomass. 1. Reactivity of Char, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.42, issue.17, pp.3922-3930, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/ie030056c

F. Mermoud, S. Salvador, L. Van-de-steene, and F. Golfier, Influence of the pyrolysis heating rate on the steam gasification rate of large wood char particles, Fuel, vol.85, issue.10-11, pp.1473-82, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.12.004
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01846926

Y. Okumura, T. Hanaoka, and K. Sakanishi, Effect of pyrolysis conditions on gasification reactivity of woody biomass-derived char, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.32, issue.2, pp.2013-2033, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.024

R. Zanzi, K. Sjöström, and E. Björnbom, Rapid high-temperature pyrolysis of biomass in a free-fall reactor, Fuel, vol.75, issue.5, pp.545-50, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-2361(95)00304-5

G. Várhegyi, E. Mészáros, M. Antal, J. Bourke, and E. Jakab, Combustion Kinetics of Corncob Charcoal and Partially Demineralized Corncob Charcoal in the Kinetic Regime, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.45, issue.14, pp.4962-70, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/ie0602411

G. Kovacik, A. Chambers, and B. Özüm, gasification kinetics of two alberta coal chars, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol.11, issue.5, pp.811-816, 1991.
DOI : 10.1002/cjce.5450690326

M. Magnaterra, J. Fusco, J. Ochoa, and A. Cukierman, Kinetic Study of the Reaction of Different Hardwood Sawdust Chars with Oxygen. Chemical and Structural Characterization of the Samples, Adv Thermochem Biomass Convers, pp.116-146, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_10

J. Adánez, L. De-diego, F. García-labiano, A. Abad, and J. Abanades, Determination of Biomass Char Combustion Reactivities for FBC Applications by a Combined Method, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.40, issue.20, pp.4317-4340, 2001.
DOI : 10.1021/ie0102394

A. Janse, H. De-jonge, W. Prins, and W. Van-swaaij, Combustion Kinetics of Char Obtained by Flash Pyrolysis of Pine Wood, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.37, issue.10, pp.3909-3927, 1998.
DOI : 10.1021/ie970705i

D. Blasi, C. Buonanno, F. Branca, and C. , Reactivities of some biomass chars in air, Carbon, vol.37, issue.8, pp.1227-1265, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00319-4

V. Cozzani, Reactivity in Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide of Char Formed in the Pyrolysis of Refuse-Derived Fuel, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.39, issue.4, pp.864-72, 2000.
DOI : 10.1021/ie990534c

T. Kashiwagi and H. Nambu, Global kinetic constants for thermal oxidative degradation of a cellulosic paper, Combustion and Flame, vol.88, issue.3-4, pp.345-68, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0010-2180(92)90039-R

M. Luo and B. Stanmore, The combustion characteristics of char from pulverized bagasse, Fuel, vol.71, issue.9, pp.1074-1080, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-2361(92)90117-7

N. Standish and A. Tanjung, Gasification of single wood charcoal particles in CO2, Fuel, vol.67, issue.5, pp.666-72, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-2361(88)90296-7

D. Ye, J. Agnew, and D. Zhang, Gasification of a South Australian low-rank coal with carbon dioxide and steam: kinetics and reactivity studies, Fuel, vol.77, issue.11, pp.1209-1228, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00014-3

A. Zolin, A. Jensen, P. Jensen, F. Frandsen, and K. Dam-johansen, The Influence of Inorganic Materials on the Thermal Deactivation of Fuel Chars, Energy & Fuels, vol.15, issue.5, pp.1110-1132, 2001.
DOI : 10.1021/ef000288d

M. Asadullah, S. Zhang, Z. Min, P. Yimsiri, and C. Li, Effects of biomass char structure on its gasification reactivity, Bioresource Technology, vol.101, issue.20, pp.7935-7978, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.048

R. Hurt and J. Calo, Semi-global intrinsic kinetics for char combustion modeling??????Entry 2 has also been referred to as ???Langmuir kinetics.??? The present paper adopts common chemical engineering usage, in which the designation ???Langmuir??? is applied to the equilibrium adsorption isotherm, and when the isotherm is applied within the derivation of a kinetic law for a heterogeneous reaction the result is referred to as a Langmuir???Hinshelwood (LH) kinetic law, or Langmuir???Hinshelwood???Hougen???Watson (LHHW) kinetic law. There are many LH kinetic forms???entry 2 is valid for the special case of no surface reaction between adsorbed species., Combustion and Flame, vol.125, issue.3, pp.1138-1187, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00234-6

S. Vyazovkin, A. Burnham, J. Criado, L. Pérez-maquada, C. Popescu et al., ICTAC Kinetics Committee recommendations for performing kinetic computations on thermal analysis data, Thermochimica Acta, vol.520, issue.1-2, pp.1-19, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tca.2011.03.034
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01350051

A. Khawam and D. Flanagan, Solid-State Kinetic Models:?? Basics and Mathematical Fundamentals, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.110, issue.35, pp.17315-17343, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/jp062746a

D. Blasi and C. , Combustion and gasification rates of lignocellulosic chars, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol.35, issue.2, pp.121-161, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pecs.2008.08.001

R. Essenhigh, Rate equations for the carbon-oxygen reaction: an evaluation of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm at atmospheric pressure, Energy & Fuels, vol.5, issue.1, pp.41-47, 1991.
DOI : 10.1021/ef00025a005

R. Essenhigh, Influence of pressure on the combustion rate of carbon. Twenty- Sixth Symp Combust, pp.3085-94, 1996.

J. Murphy and C. Shaddix, Combustion kinetics of coal chars in oxygen-enriched environments, Combustion and Flame, vol.144, issue.4, pp.710-739, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.08.039

S. Dutta and C. Wen, Reactivity of Coal and Char. 2. In Oxygen-Nitrogen Atmosphere, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, vol.16, issue.1, pp.31-38, 1977.
DOI : 10.1021/i260061a005

C. Wen, NONCATALYTIC HETEROGENEOUS SOLID-FLUID REACTION MODELS, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol.60, issue.9, pp.34-54, 1968.
DOI : 10.1021/ie50705a007

M. Irfan, M. Usman, and K. Kusakabe, Coal gasification in CO2 atmosphere and its kinetics since 1948: A brief review, Energy, vol.36, issue.1, pp.12-40, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.energy.2010.10.034

M. Hemati, Etude de la pyrolyse et de la gazéification de bois thermogravimétrie et en lit fluidisé de catalyseur, 1984.

S. Bathia and D. Perlmutter, A random pore model for fluid-solid reaction: I. Isothermal, kinetic control, AiChE J, vol.26, pp.379-86, 1980.

S. Septien, E. Sanz, F. Salvador, S. Valin, and S. , Steam gasification of char from wood chips fast pyrolysis: Development of a semi-empirical model for a fluidized bed reactor application, Biomass and Bioenergy, vol.77, pp.64-74, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.03.011
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02088596

. Azharul-islan-md, M. Auta, G. Kabir, and B. Hameed, A thermogravimetric analysis of the combustion kinetics of karanja (Pongamia pinnata) fruit hulls char, Bioresour Technol, vol.200, pp.335-376, 2016.

C. Branca, D. Blasi, and C. , Global Kinetics of Wood Char Devolatilization and Combustion, Energy & Fuels, vol.17, issue.6, pp.1609-1624, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/ef030033a

M. Barrio, B. Gøbel, H. Risnes, U. Henriksen, J. Hustad et al., Steam Gasification of Wood Char and the Effect of Hydrogen Inhibition on the Chemical Kinetics, Conference on progress in thermochemical biomass conversion, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/9780470694954.ch2

A. Gomez, R. Silbermann, and N. Mahinpey, A comprehensive experimental procedure for CO2 coal gasification: Is there really a maximum reaction rate?, Applied Energy, vol.124, pp.73-81, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.077

X. Zeng, F. Wang, Y. Wang, A. Li, J. Yu et al., Characterization of Char Gasification in a Micro Fluidized Bed Reaction Analyzer, Energy & Fuels, vol.28, issue.3, pp.1838-1883, 2014.
DOI : 10.1021/ef402387r

N. Klinghoffer, M. Castaldi, and A. Nzihou, Catalyst Properties and Catalytic Performance of Char from Biomass Gasification, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.51, issue.40, pp.13113-13135, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/ie3014082
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01632400

A. Gomez and N. Mahinpey, Kinetic study of coal steam and CO 2 gasification: A new method to reduce interparticle diffusion, Fuel, vol.148, pp.160-167, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.071

P. Ollero, A. Serrera, R. Arjona, and S. Alcantarilla, Diffusional effects in TGA gasification experiments for kinetic determination, Fuel, vol.81, issue.15, pp.1989-2000, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-2361(02)00126-6

A. Gómez-barea, P. Ollero, and R. Arjona, Reaction-diffusion model of TGA gasification experiments for estimating diffusional effects, Fuel, vol.84, pp.1695-704, 2005.

S. Schulze, P. Nikrityuk, Z. Abosteif, S. Guhl, A. Richter et al., Heat and mass transfer within thermogravimetric analyser: From simulation to improved estimation of kinetic data for char gasification, Fuel, vol.187, pp.338-386, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.09.048

W. Boynton and W. Brattain, Interdiffusion of gases and vapors, Int Crit Tables, vol.5, pp.62-65, 1929.

A. Khawam and D. Flanagan, Role of isoconversional methods in varying activation energies of solid-state kinetics, Thermochimica Acta, vol.429, issue.1, pp.93-102, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tca.2004.11.030

J. Fermoso, M. Gil, S. García, C. Pevida, J. Pis et al., Kinetic Parameters and Reactivity for the Steam Gasification of Coal Chars Obtained under Different Pyrolysis Temperatures and Pressures, Energy & Fuels, vol.25, issue.8, pp.3574-80, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/ef200411j

S. Kajitani, S. Hara, and H. Matsuda, Gasification rate analysis of coal char with a pressurized drop tube furnace, Fuel, vol.81, issue.5, pp.539-585, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00149-1

R. Bird, W. Stewart, and E. Lightfoot, Transport phenomena, 2002.

F. Dullien, Porous media: fluid transport and pore structure, 2012.