M. A. Arbib, Programs, schemas, and neural networks for control of hand movements : Beyond the RS framework Attention and Performance XIII : Motor Programs : Concepts and Issues, pp.111-138, 1990.

A. S. Aruin and M. L. Latash, The role of motor action in anticipatory postural adjustments studied with self-induced and externally triggered perturbations, Experimental Brain Research, vol.106, issue.2, pp.291-300, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00241125

A. S. Aruin and M. L. Latash, Anticipatory postural adjustments during self-initiated perturbations of different magnitude triggered by a standard motor action, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.101, issue.6, pp.497-503, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/s0921-884x(96)95219-4

A. S. Aruin, T. Ota, and M. L. Latash, Anticipatory postural adjustments associated with lateral and rotational perturbations during standing, Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, vol.11, issue.1, pp.39-51, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1050-6411(00)00034-1

A. S. Aruin, T. Shiratori, and M. L. Latash, b) The role of action in postural preparation for loading and unloading in standing subjects, Experimental Brain Research, vol.138, pp.458-466, 2001.

C. Assaiante, M. H. Woollacott, and B. ?. Amblard, Development of Postural Adjustment During Gait Initiation: Kinematic and EMG Analysis, Journal of Motor Behavior, vol.3, issue.3, pp.211-226, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-9457(92)90047-F

J. A. Barela, J. J. Jeka, and J. E. Clark, The use of somatosensory information during the acquisition of independant upright stance, pp.87-102, 1999.

N. Bennis, A. Roby-brami, M. Dufossé, and B. ?. Bussel, Anticipatory responses to a self-applied load in normal subjects and hemiparetic patients, Journal of Physiology-Paris, vol.90, issue.1, pp.90-117, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0928-4257(96)87166-X

B. I. Bertenthal, V. Hofsten, and C. ?. , Eye, Head and Trunk Control: The Foundation for Manual Development1The responsibility was shared equally between the authors.1, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol.22, issue.4, pp.515-520, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0149-7634(97)00038-9

S. Bouisset and M. ?. Zattara, Biomechanical study of the programming of anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary movement, Journal of Biomechanics, vol.20, issue.8, pp.735-742, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9290(87)90052-2

T. G. Bower, La notion d'objet : les yeux, les mains et la parole, Du contrôle moteur à l'organisation du geste, pp.158-167, 1978.

Y. Brenière, B. Bril, and R. ?. Fontaine, Analysis of the Transition From Upright Stance to Steady State Locomotion in Children With Under 200 Days of Autonomous Walking, Journal of Motor Behavior, vol.93, issue.4, pp.20-37, 1989.
DOI : 10.1080/00222895.1983.10735302

M. Buekers, J. Pauwels, and P. ?. Meugens, Temporal and Spatial Anticipation in Twelve-Year-Old Boys and Girls, Cognition and Action in Skilled Behaviour, pp.283-292, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-4115(08)60628-7

E. W. Bushnell and J. ?. Boudreau, Exploring and exploiting objects with the hands during infancy The Psychobiology of the Hand, pp.144-161, 1998.

G. E. Butterworth, E. Verweij, and B. ?. Hopkins, The development of prehension in infants: Halverson revisited, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, vol.15, issue.2, pp.223-236, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1997.tb00736.x

D. A. Commissaris and H. M. Toussaint, Load knowledge affects low-back loading and control of balance in lifting tasks, Ergonomics, vol.65, issue.5, pp.40-559, 1997.
DOI : 10.1080/00140139308967940

A. Eliasson, H. Forssberg, K. Ikuta, I. Apel, G. Westling et al., Development of human precision grip. V. Anticipatory and triggered grip actions during sudden loading, Experimental Brain Research, vol.106, issue.3, pp.425-433, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/bf00231065

URL : http://www.humanneuro.physiol.umu.se/PDF-SCIENCE/1995_e_f_i_a_w_j_dev_v_DIST.pdf

J. Fagard and A. Y. Jacquet, Changes in reaching and grasping objects of different sizes between 7 and 13 months of age, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, vol.14, issue.1, pp.65-78, 1996.
DOI : 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1996.tb00694.x

H. ?. Forssberg, Developmental aspects on use of internal models in the control of dexterous manipulation, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, vol.167, issue.2, pp.3-28, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.0600l.x

H. Forssberg, A. Eliasson, H. Kinoshita, R. S. Johansson, and G. ?. Westling, Development of human precision grip I: Basic coordination of force, Experimental Brain Research, vol.85, issue.2, pp.451-457, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00229422

H. Forssberg, A. C. Eliasson, H. Kinoshita, G. Westling, and R. S. Johansson, Development of human precision grip. IV. Tactile adaptation of isometric forger forces to the frictional condition, Experimental Brain Research, vol.104, issue.2, pp.323-330, 1995.

H. Forssberg and H. ?. Hirschfeld, Postural adjustments in sitting humans following external perturbations: muscle activity and kinematics, Experimental Brain Research, vol.97, issue.3, pp.515-527, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00241545

H. Forssberg, H. Kinoshita, A. C. Eliasson, R. S. Johansson, G. Westling et al., Development of human precision grip. II. Anticipatory control of isometric forces targeted for object's weight, Experimental Brain Research, vol.90, issue.2, pp.393-398, 1992.

H. Forssberg, A. Jucaite, and M. ?. Hadders-algra, Shared memory representations for programming of lifting movements and associated whole body postural adjustments in humans, Neuroscience Letters, vol.273, issue.1, pp.9-12, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00619-9

J. P. Gachoud, P. Mounoud, and C. ?. Hauert, Motor Strategies in Lifting Movements, Journal of Motor Behavior, vol.73, issue.3, pp.202-216, 1983.
DOI : 10.1080/00222895.1981.10735245

Y. ?. Gahery, Associates movements, postural adjustments and synergies : Some comments about the history and significance of three motor concepts, Archives italiennes de biologie, vol.125, pp.345-360, 1987.

A. M. Gordon, G. Westling, K. J. Cole, and R. S. Johansson, Memory representations underlying motor commands used during manipulation of common and novel objects, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.69, issue.6, pp.1789-1796, 1993.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1993.69.6.1789

A. M. Gordon, H. Forssberg, R. S. Johansson, A. C. Eliasson, and G. ?. Westling, Development of human precision grip, Experimental Brain Research, vol.90, issue.2, pp.399-403, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00227254

G. Haas, H. C. Diener, and H. Rapp, DEVELOPMENT OFFEEDBACK AND FEEDFORWARD CONTROL OF UPRIGHT STANCE, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol.176, issue.4, pp.481-488, 1989.
DOI : 10.1080/00222895.1983.10735292

M. Hadders-algra, E. Brogren, and H. Forssberg, Ontogeny of postural adjustments during sitting in infancy: variation, selection and modulation., The Journal of Physiology, vol.493, issue.1, pp.273-88
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021382

URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021382/pdf

C. ?. Hauert, Propriétés des objets et propriétés des actions chez l'enfant de 2 à 5 ans, Archives de psychologie, pp.48-95, 1980.

C. Hauert, P. Mounoud, and E. ?. Mayer, Approche du développement cognitif des enfants de 2 à 5 ans à travers l'étude des caractéristiques physiques de leurs actions, Cahiers de psychologie cognitive, vol.1, pp.33-54, 1981.

L. Hay and C. ?. Redon, Feedforward versus feedback control in children and adults subjected to a postural disturbance, Experimental Brain Research, vol.125, issue.2, pp.153-162, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210050670

L. Hay and C. ?. Redon, Development of postural adaptation to arm raising, Experimental Brain Research, vol.139, issue.2, pp.224-232, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210100752

W. R. Hess, Teleokinetisches und ereismatisches Kräftesystem in der Biomotorik, Helvetica Physiology and Pharmacology, issue.1, pp.151-62, 1943.

H. Hirschfeld and H. ?. Forssberg, Epigenetic development of postural responses for sitting during infancy, Experimental Brain Research, vol.97, issue.3, pp.528-540, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00241546

F. B. Horak and L. M. Nashner, Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support-surface configurations, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.55, issue.6, pp.1369-1381, 1986.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1986.55.6.1369

M. Hugon, J. Massion, and M. Wiesendanger, Anticipatory postural changes induced by active unloading and comparison with passive unloading in man, Pfl???gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, vol.6, issue.4, pp.292-296, 1982.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00581412

M. ?. Jeannerod, Intersegmental coordination during reaching at natural visual objects, Attention and Performance IX, Hillsdale (NJ), pp.153-168, 1981.

M. ?. Jeannerod, Object oriented action Insights into the Reach to Grasp Movement, pp.3-15, 1994.

M. ?. Jeannerod, La nature de l'esprit, 2003.

R. S. Johansson, Sensory control of dexterous manipulation in humans Hand and Brain : The Neurophysiology and Psychology of Hand Movements, pp.381-414, 1996.

R. S. Johansson and G. ?. Westling, Programmed and triggered actions to rapid load changes during precision grip, Experimental Brain Research, vol.71, issue.1, pp.72-86, 1988.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00247523

URL : http://wexler.free.fr/library/files/johansson%20(1988)%20programmed%20and%20triggered%20actions%20to%20rapid%20load%20changes%20during%20precision%20grip.pdf

M. ?. Jover, Perspectives actuelles sur le développement du tonus et de la posture, Le développement psychomoteur du jeune enfant. Idées neuves et approches actuelles, pp.13-52, 2000.

M. ?. Jover, L'ajustement postural anticipé entre 2 et 4 ans : développement et anticipation du poids des objets, 2002.

M. Jover and D. ?. Mellier, Effet de la connaissance du poids des objets sur l'ajustement postural anticipé chez le jeune enfant, 2005.

S. W. Keele, Movement control in skilled motor performance., Psychological Bulletin, vol.70, issue.6, Pt.1, pp.387-403, 1968.
DOI : 10.1037/h0026739

J. Konczak and J. ?. Dichgans, The development toward stereotypic arm kinematics during reaching in the first 3 years of life, Experimental Brain Research, vol.117, issue.2, pp.346-354, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210050228

I. Konzag and G. ?. Konzag, Anforderungen an die kognitieven Functionen in der psychischen Regulation sportlicher Spielhandlungen, Theorie und Praxis der Korperkultur, vol.29, pp.20-31, 1980.

F. Lacquaniti and C. ?. Maioli, The role of preparation in tuning anticipatory and reflex responses during catching, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.9, issue.1, pp.134-148, 1989.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.09-01-00134.1989

F. Lacquaniti and C. ?. Maioli, Adaptation to suppression of visual information during catching, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.9, issue.1, pp.149-159, 1989.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.09-01-00149.1989

URL : http://www.jneurosci.org/content/9/1/149.full.pdf

M. L. Latash, The relation between posture and movement: A study of a simple synergy in a two-joint task, Human Movement Science, vol.14, issue.1, pp.79-110, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-9457(94)00046-H

A. Ledebt, B. Bril, and Y. ?. Brenière, The build-up of anticipatory behaviour, Experimental Brain Research, vol.120, issue.1, pp.9-17, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210050372

J. J. Lockman, D. H. Ashmead, and E. W. Bushnell, The development of anticipatory hand orientation during infancy, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, vol.37, issue.1, pp.176-186, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-0965(84)90065-1

J. Massion, Movement, posture and equilibrium: Interaction and coordination, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.38, issue.1, pp.35-56
DOI : 10.1016/0301-0082(92)90034-C

J. ?. Massion, Postural control system, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, vol.4, issue.6, pp.877-887, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0959-4388(94)90137-6

J. ?. Massion, Postural Control Systems in Developmental Perspective, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol.22, issue.4, pp.465-472, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0149-7634(97)00031-6

P. ?. Mounoud, Les conservations physiques chez les bébés, pp.312-325, 1973.

P. Mounoud and T. G. Bower, Conservation of weight in infants, Cognition, vol.3, issue.1, pp.29-40, 1974.
DOI : 10.1016/0010-0277(74)90021-3

URL : http://wexler.free.fr/library/files/mounoud%20(1974)%20conservation%20of%20weight%20in%20infants.pdf

D. A. Nowak and J. ?. Hermsdorfer, Predictability influences finger force control when catching a free-falling object, Experimental Brain Research, vol.154, issue.4, pp.411-416, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00221-003-1754-4

L. I. Oddsson, Control of voluntary trunk movements in man. Mechanisms for postural equilibrium during standing, Acta Physiologica Scandinavia Supplementum, vol.595, pp.1-60, 1990.

J. ?. Paillard, Les déterminants moteurs de l'organisation spatiale, Cahiers de psychologie, pp.261-316, 1971.

J. ?. Paillard, Tonus, posture et mouvement, Traité de psychologie, pp.521-728, 1976.

J. ?. Paillard, Les niveaux sensori-moteur et cognitif du contrôle de l'action, Recherches en APS, Marseille, Publications du Centre de recherche de l'UEREPS, pp.147-163, 1985.

C. L. Riach and K. C. Hayes, Anticipatory Postural Control in Children, Journal of Motor Behavior, vol.176, issue.8, pp.250-266, 1990.
DOI : 10.1126/science.176.4032.314

P. ?. Rochat, Self-Sitting and Reaching in 5- to 8-Month-Old Infants: The Impact of Posture and Its Development on Early Eye-Hand Coordination, Journal of Motor Behavior, vol.35, issue.2, pp.210-220, 1992.
DOI : 10.1037/0012-1649.18.5.760

R. A. Schmidt, A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning., Psychological Review, vol.82, issue.4, pp.225-260, 1975.
DOI : 10.1037/h0076770

URL : http://www.gedam.com.br/Disciplinas/Teorias ACM/Schmidt (1975).pdf

C. Schmitz, N. Martin, and C. ?. Assaiante, Development of anticipatory postural adjustments in a bimanual load-lifting task in children, Experimental Brain Research, vol.126, issue.2, pp.200-204, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210050729

C. Schmitz, N. Martin, and C. ?. Assaiante, Developmental sequence in the acquisition of anticipation during a new co-ordination in a bimanual load-lifting task in children, Neuroscience Letters, vol.330, issue.3, pp.215-218, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00590-6

C. Schmitz and C. ?. Assaiante, Building anticipatory postural adjustment during childhood: a kinematic and electromyographic analysis of unloading in children from 4 to 8 years of age, Experimental Brain Research, vol.142, issue.3, pp.354-364, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00221-001-0910-y

C. Schmitz, C. Assaiante, and B. ?. Gepner, Modulation de la réponse anticipée en fonction du poids à délester : étude chez l'enfant sain et l'enfant autiste, Revue TIPA, pp.207-211, 2003.

T. Shiratori and M. L. Latash, Anticipatory postural adjustments during load catching by standing subjects, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.112, issue.7, pp.1250-1265, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1388-2457(01)00553-3

A. Shumway-cook and M. H. Woollacott, Motor Control. Theory and Practical Applications, 1995.

A. ?. Siddiqui, Object Size as a Determinant of Grasping in Infancy, The Journal of Genetic Psychology, vol.40, issue.3, pp.345-358, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90116-3

O. Sporns and G. M. Edelman, Solving Bernstein's Problem: A Proposal for the Development of Coordinated Movement by Selection, Child Development, vol.64, issue.4, pp.960-981, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/1131321

E. Thelen and L. ?. Smith, A Dynamic Systems Approach to the Development of Cognition and Action, 1994.

H. M. Toussaint, D. A. Commissaris, M. J. Hoozemans, M. J. Ober, and P. J. Beek, Anticipatory postural adjustments before load pick up in a bi-manual whole body lifting task, Medicine Sciences and Sports Exercices, issue.9, pp.29-1208, 1997.

H. M. Toussaint, Y. M. Michies, M. N. Faber, D. A. Commissaris, and J. H. Van-dieen, Scaling anticipatory postural adjustments dependent on confidence of load estimation in a bi-manual whole-body lifting task, Experimental Brain Research, vol.120, issue.1, pp.85-94, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210050380

I. B. Van-der-fits, E. Otten, A. W. Klip, L. A. Van-eykern, and M. ?. Hadders-algra, The development of postural adjustments during reaching in 6- to 18-month-old infants, Experimental Brain Research, vol.126, issue.4, pp.517-528, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210050760

V. Hofsten, C. Woollacott, and M. H. , Anticipatory postural adjustments during infants reaching, Neuroscience Abstracts, vol.15, p.1199, 1989.

V. Hofsten, C. Rönnqvist, and L. ?. , Preparation for grasping an object: A developmental study., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, vol.14, issue.4, pp.610-621, 1988.
DOI : 10.1037/0096-1523.14.4.610

V. Hofsten, C. Rönnqvist, and L. ?. , The Structuring of Neonatal Arm Movements, Child Development, vol.61, issue.4, pp.1046-1057, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-3782(86)90184-2

D. C. Witherington, V. Hofsten, C. Rosander, K. Robinette, A. Woollacott et al., The Development of Anticipatory Postural Adjustments in Infancy, Infancy, vol.36, issue.4, pp.495-517, 2002.
DOI : 10.1159/000278212