Nonconventional localizations of cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in yeast and human cells

Sylvain Debard (1) , Gaétan Bader , Johan-Owen de Craene (1) , Ludovic Enkler (1) , Séverine Bär , Daphné Laporte , Philippe Hammann (2) , Evelyne Myslinski (3) , Bruno Senger (4) , Sylvie Friant (5) , Hubert Dominique Becker , Hubert Dominique Becker (4)

1 GMGM - Génétique moléculaire, génomique, microbiologie
2 Platforme Prote Strasbourg Esplanade
3 ARN - Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN
4 ARN - Architecture et réactivité de l'ARN
5 GMGM - Génétique moléculaire, génomique, microbiologie

Keywords: aaRS tRNA Yeast Human Microscopy Fractionation MTS NLS a b s t r a c t By definition, cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) should be restricted to the cytosol of eukary-otic cells where they supply translating ribosomes with their aminoacyl-tRNA substrates. However, it has been shown that other translationally-active compartments like mitochondria and plastids can simultaneously contain the cytosolic aaRS and its corresponding organellar ortholog suggesting that both forms do not share the same organellar function. In addition, a fair number of cytosolic aaRSs have also been found in the nucleus of cells from several species. Hence, these supposedly cytosolic-restricted enzymes have instead the potential to be multi-localized. As expected, in all examples that were studied so far, when the cytosolic aaRS is imported inside an organelle that already contains its bona fide corresponding organellar-restricted aaRSs, the cytosolic form was proven to exert a nonconventional and essential function. Some of these essential functions include regulating homeostasis and protecting against various stresses. It thus becomes critical to assess meticulously the subcellular localization of each of these cytosolic aaRSs to unravel their additional roles. With this objective in mind, we provide here a review on what is currently known about cytosolic aaRSs multi-compartmentalization and we describe all commonly used protocols and procedures for identifying the compartments in which cytosolic aaRSs relocal-ize in yeast and human cells.

Domaines: Biotechnologies; Organisation et fonctions cellulaires [q-bio.SC]

Sylvain Debard, Gaétan Bader, Johan-Owen de Craene, Ludovic Enkler, Séverine Bär, et al.. Nonconventional localizations of cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in yeast and human cells. Methods, 2017, 113, pp.91 - 104. ⟨10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.09.017⟩. ⟨hal-01771885⟩