Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections at a Provincial Reference Hospital, Cambodia

Maryline Bonnet (1, 2) , Kim Chamroeun San (3) , Yati Pho (2) , Chandara Sok (3) , Jean-Philippe Dousset (3) , William Brant (4) , Northan Hurtado (3) , Khun Kim Eam (5) , Elisa Ardizzoni (3, 6) , Seiha Heng (7) , Sylvain Godreuil (8, 9) , Wing-Wai Yew (10) , Cathy Hewison (3)

1 TransVIHMI - Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes
2 Epicentre [Paris] [Médecins Sans Frontières]
3 MSF - Médecins Sans Frontières [Paris]
4 University of Virginia
5 CENAT - National Center for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control [Phnom Penh, Cambodia]
6 ITM - Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp]
7 Institut Pasteur du Cambodge
8 INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
9 UM - Université de Montpellier
10 CUHK - The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong]

Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is poorly documented in countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). We describe prevalence, risk factors, and TB program implications for NTM isolates and disease in Cambodia. A prospective cohort of 1,183 patients with presumptive TB underwent epidemiologic, clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic evaluation, including \textgreater12-months of follow-up for patients with NTM isolates. Prevalence of NTM isolates was 10.8% and of disease was 0.9%; 217 (18.3%) patients had TB. Of 197 smear-positive patients, 171 (86.8%) had TB confirmed (167 by culture and 4 by Xpert MTB/RIF assay only) and 11 (5.6%) had NTM isolates. HIV infection and past TB were independently associated with having NTM isolates. Improved detection of NTM isolates in Cambodia might require more systematic use of mycobacterial culture and the use of Xpert MTB/RIF to confirm smear-positive TB cases, especially in patients with HIV infection or a history of TB.

Mots clés: Humans; Coinfection; Female; Male; Prevalence; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Mycobacterium Infections; Nontuberculous; Prospective Studies; bacteria; Cambodia; Cross Infection; HIV Infections; infectious diseases; limited-resource countries; nontuberculous mycobacteria; NTM; Population Surveillance; TB; tuberculosis and other mycobacteria

Domaines: Maladies infectieuses; Maladies émergentes; Santé publique et épidémiologie

Maryline Bonnet, Kim Chamroeun San, Yati Pho, Chandara Sok, Jean-Philippe Dousset, et al.. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections at a Provincial Reference Hospital, Cambodia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2017, 23 (7), pp.1139-1147. ⟨10.3201/eid2307.170060⟩. ⟨hal-01760466⟩