D. Abaqus, Abaqus theory manual, 2014.

P. Agache, Physiologie de la peau et explorations fonctionnelles cutanées Pierre Agache et al. Edition Medicale International, 2000.

S. Ahn, S. Kim, H. Lee, S. Moon, and I. Chang, Correlation between a cutometer® and quantitative evaluation using moire topography in age-related skin elasticity, Skin Res. Technol, vol.13, issue.3, pp.280-284, 2007.

V. Arumugam, M. Naresh, and R. Sanjeevi, Effect of strain rate on the fracture behaviour of skin, J. Biosci, vol.19, issue.3, pp.307-313, 1994.

F. Auriol, L. Vaillant, L. Machet, S. Diridollou, and G. Lorette, Effects of short-time hydration on skin extensibility, Acta Derm.-Venereol, vol.73, issue.5, pp.344-347, 1993.

J. Bischoff, E. Arruda, and K. Grosh, A microstructurally based orthotropic hyperelastic constitutive law, J. Appl. Mech, vol.69, issue.5, pp.570-579, 2002.

J. E. Bischoff, E. M. Arruda, and K. Grosh, Finite element modeling of human skin using an isotropic, nonlinear elastic constitutive model, J. Biomech, vol.33, issue.6, pp.645-652, 2000.

I. A. Brown, A scanning electron microscope study of the effects of uniaxial tension on human skin, Br. J. Dermatol, vol.89, issue.4, pp.383-393, 1973.

A. Chanda, R. Graeter, and V. Unnikrishnan, Effect of blasts on subject-specific computational models of skin and bone sections at various locations on the human body, AIMS Mater. Sci, vol.2, issue.4, pp.425-447, 2015.

S. Cheng, E. C. Clarke, and L. E. Bilston, The effects of preconditioning strain on measured tissue properties, J. Biomech, vol.42, issue.9, pp.1360-1362, 2009.

A. Cua, K. Wilhelm, and H. Maibach, Elastic properties of human skin: relation to age, sex, and anatomical region, Arch. Dermatol. Res, vol.282, issue.5, pp.283-288, 1990.

C. H. Daly, Biomechanical properties of dermis, J. Investig. Dermatol, vol.79, 1982.

J. Diani, B. Fayolle, and P. Gilormini, A review on the mullins effect, Eur. Polym. J, vol.45, issue.3, pp.601-612, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.11.017
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00773015

S. Diridollou, D. Black, J. Lagarde, Y. Gall, M. Berson et al., Sex-and site-dependent variations in the thickness and mechanical properties of human skin in vivo, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci, vol.22, issue.6, pp.421-435, 2000.

G. W. Dombi, R. C. Haut, and W. G. Sullivan, Correlation of high-speed tensile strength with collagen content in control and lathyritic rat skin, J. Surg. Res, vol.54, issue.1, pp.21-28, 1993.

M. G. Dunn and F. H. Silver, Viscoelastic behavior of human connective tissues: relative contribution of viscous and elastic components, Connect. Tissue Res, vol.12, issue.1, pp.59-70, 1983.

L. E. Edsberg and R. E. Mates, Mechanical characteristics of human skin subjected to static versus cyclic normal pressures, J. Rehabil. Res. Dev, vol.36, issue.2, 1999.

C. Escoffier, J. De-rigal, A. Rochefort, R. Vasselet, J. Lévêque et al., Age-related mechanical properties of human skin: an in vivo study, J. Invest. Dermatol, vol.93, p.3, 1989.

C. Flynn, A. Taberner, and P. Nielsen, Mechanical characterisation of in vivo human skin using a 3d force-sensitive micro-robot and finite element analysis, Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol, vol.10, issue.1, pp.27-38, 2011.

Y. Fung, Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, 1993.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3162171
URL : http://appliedmechanics.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/data/journals/jamcav/26199/464_2.pdf

Y. Fung, N. Perrone, and M. Anliker, Biomechanics, its foundations and objectives, Proceedings of the Symposium on Biomechanics, its Foundations and Objectives, 1970.

J. M. Giles, A. E. Black, and J. E. Bischoff, Anomalous rate dependence of the preconditioned response of soft tissue during load controlled deformation, J. Biomech, vol.40, issue.4, pp.777-785, 2007.

M. Griffin, Y. Premakumar, A. Seifalian, P. E. Butler, and M. Szarko, Biomechanical characterization of human soft tissues using indentation and tensile testing, J. Vis. Exp.: JoVE, issue.118, 2016.
DOI : 10.3791/54872
URL : https://www.jove.com/pdf/54872/biomechanical-characterization-human-soft-tissues-using-indentation

R. B. Groves, S. A. Coulman, J. C. Birchall, and S. L. Evans, An anisotropic, hyperelastic model for skin: experimental measurements, finite element modelling and identification of parameters for human and murine skin, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater, vol.18, pp.167-180, 2013.

A. Hendley, R. Marks, and P. Payne, Measurement of forces for point indentation of the stratum corneum in vivo: the influences of age, sex, site delipidisation and hydration, Bioeng. Skin, vol.3, pp.234-240, 1982.

F. Hendriks, D. Brokken, C. Oomens, and F. Baaijens, Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography, Skin Res. Technol, vol.10, issue.4, pp.231-241, 2004.

G. A. Holzapfel, Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, vol.24, 2000.

W. Hutton, T. Burlin, and H. Ranu, An apparatus for measuring the effects of radiotherapy on the elastic properties of human skin in vivo, Med. Biol. Eng. Comput, vol.13, issue.4, pp.584-585, 1975.

C. Jacquemoud, Caract´erisation m´ecanique et mod´elisation du comportementjusqu'a` rupture de membranes biologiques fibreuses: application a` la peau humaine. Institut National des Sciences Appliqu´ees de Lyon Ph, 2007.

G. Jemec and J. Serup, Epidermal hydration and skin mechanics. The relationship between electrical capacitance and the mechanical properties of human skin in vivo, Acta Derm.-Venereol, vol.70, issue.3, pp.245-247, 1989.

G. Kang and X. Wu, Ratchetting of porcine skin under uniaxial cyclic loading, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater, vol.4, issue.3, pp.498-506, 2011.

F. Khatyr, C. Imberdis, D. Varchon, J. Lagarde, and G. Josse, Measurement of the mechanical properties of the skin using the suction test comparison between three methods: geometric, timoshenko and finite elements, Skin. Res. Technol, vol.12, pp.24-31, 2006.

Y. Lanir, The rheological behavior of the skin: experimental results and a structural model, Biorheology, vol.16, issue.3, p.191, 1979.

Y. Lanir and Y. Fung, Two-dimensional mechanical properties of rabbit skin-II. experimental results, J. Biomech, vol.7, issue.2, pp.171-182, 1974.

Y. Lanir, V. Manny, A. Zlotogorski, A. Shafran, and S. Dikstein, Influence of ageing on the in vivo mechanics of the skin, Skin Pharmacol. Physiol, vol.6, issue.3, pp.223-230, 1993.

J. Lim, J. Hong, W. W. Chen, and T. Weerasooriya, Mechanical response of pig skin under dynamic tensile loading, Int. J. Impact Eng, vol.38, issue.2, pp.130-135, 2011.

Z. Liu and K. Yeung, The preconditioning and stress relaxation of skin tissue, J. Biomed. Pharm. Eng, vol.2, issue.1, pp.22-28, 2008.

R. Minns, P. Soden, and D. Jackson, The role of the fibrous components and ground substance in the mechanical properties of biological tissues: a preliminary investigation, J. Biomech, vol.6, issue.2, pp.153-165, 1973.

L. Mullins, Softening of rubber by deformation, Rubber Chem. Technol, vol.42, issue.1, pp.339-362, 1969.

M. Munoz, J. Bea, J. Rodríguez, I. Ochoa, J. Grasa et al., An experimental study of the mouse skin behaviour: damage and inelastic aspects, J. Biomech, vol.41, issue.1, pp.93-99, 2008.

A. Ní-annaidh, K. Bruyère, M. Destrade, M. D. Gilchrist, and M. Otténio, Characterization of the anisotropic mechanical properties of excised human skin, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater, vol.5, issue.1, pp.139-148, 2012.

R. Ogden, Large deformation isotropic elasticity-on the correlation of theory and experiment for incompressible rubberlike solids, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. Math. Phys. Sci, vol.326, pp.565-584, 1567.

D. Remache, Contribution a` l'´etude exp´erimentale et num´erique du comportement hyper´elastique et anisotrope de la peau humaine. Universit´e de FrancheComt´e Ph, 2013.

D. Remache, J. Pauchot, J. Chambert, L. Capek, and E. Jacquet, Experimental and numerical analysis of a V-Y advancement flap on human skin ex vivo, Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng, vol.14, issue.sup1, pp.137-138, 2011.

H. S. Ryu, Y. H. Joo, S. O. Kim, K. C. Park, and S. W. Youn, Influence of age and regional differences on skin elasticity as measured by the cutometer®, Skin. Res. Technol, vol.14, issue.3, pp.354-358, 2008.

O. A. Shergold, N. A. Fleck, and D. Radford, The uniaxial stress versus strain response of pig skin and silicone rubber at low and high strain rates, Int. J. Impact Eng, vol.32, issue.9, pp.1384-1402, 2006.

F. H. Silver, G. P. Seehra, J. W. Freeman, and D. Devore, Viscoelastic properties of young and old human dermis: a proposed molecular mechanism for elastic energy storage in collagen and elastin, J. Appl. Polym. Sci, vol.86, issue.8, pp.1978-1985, 2002.

Y. Takema, Y. Yorimoto, M. Kawai, and G. Imokawa, Age-related changes in the elastic properties and thickness of human facial skin, Br. J. Dermatol, vol.131, issue.5, pp.641-648, 1994.

P. Vescovo, Contribution a` l'´etude des propri´et´es m´ecaniques de la peau humaine,mise au point d'une m´ethodologie pour l'exp´erimentation ex vivo, conception et r´ealisationd'un dispositif d'essais en traction-compression in vivo, 2002.

H. Vogel, Influence of age, treatment with corticosteroids and strain rate on mechanical properties of rat skin, Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Gen. Subj, vol.286, issue.1, pp.79-83, 1972.

H. Vogel and K. Denkel, In vivo recovery of mechanical properties in rat skin after repeated strain, Arch. Dermatol. Res, vol.277, issue.6, pp.484-488, 1985.

F. Xu and T. Lu, Introduction to Skin Biothermomechanics and Thermal Pain, 2011.

O. Yeoh, Some forms of the strain energy function for rubber, Rubber Chem. Technol, vol.66, issue.5, pp.754-771, 1993.

E. Yilmaz and H. Borchert, Effect of lipid-containing, positively charged nanoemulsions on skin hydration, elasticity and erythema-an in vivo study, Int. J. Pharm, vol.307, issue.2, pp.232-238, 2006.