Thermodynamics of yeast cell osmoregulation: Passive mechanisms
Résumé
The response of yeast cells to osmotic pressure variations of the medium were studied through the kinetics of cell-volume modifications corresponding to the mass transfer of water and solutes. Osmotic variations were made by modification of the concentration of an external binary solution (polyol/water) without nutritive components. Two phases were distinguished in the thermodynamic response. A transient phase following an osmotic shift, which is characterised by rapid water transfer across the cell membrane and whose kinetics determine cell viability; then, a steady-state phase is reached when the cell volume becomes quasi-constant. The response of the cell during the transient phase depends on the level of the osmotic stress, and hence of the osmotic pressure of the medium. In the range of weak osmotic pressures, the metabolism of the cell is preserved through the maintenance of the intracellular turgor pressure. On the other hand in the range of high osmotic pressures of the medium, yeast cells behave as osmometers and no further metabolism occurs.