Self-mixing in low-noise semiconductor vortex laser: detection of a rotational Doppler shift in backscattered light
Résumé
Light carrying orbital angular momentum (L) over right arrow, scattered by a rotating object at angular velocity (Omega) over right arrow, experiences a rotational Doppler shift (Omega) over right arrow.(L) over right arrow. We show that this fundamental light-matter interaction can be detected exploiting self-mixing in a vortex laser under Doppler-shifted optical feedback, with quantum noise-limited light detection. We used a low-noise relaxation oscillation-free (class-A) vortex laser, based on III-V semiconductor vertical-external-cavity-surface-emitting laser technology to generate coherent Laguerre-Gauss beams carrying L = hl (l = +/- 1,...+/- 4). Linear and rotational Doppler effects were studied experimentally and theoretically. This will allow us to combine a velocity sensor with optical tweezers for micro-manipulation applications, with high performances: compact, powerful >> 10 mW, high-quality beam, auto-aligned, linear response up to > 10(8) rad/s or > 300 km/h, low back-scattered light detection limit < 10(-16)/Hz.