Speciation analysis of organotin compounds in human urine by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection
Résumé
A new headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) method followed by gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection (GC-PFPD) analysis has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 11 organotin compounds, including methyl-, butyl-, phenyl- and octyltin derivates, in human urine. The methodology has been validated by the analysis of urine samples fortified with all analytes at different concentration levels, and recovery rates above 87% and relative precisions between 2% and 7% were obtained. Additionally, an experimental-design approach has been used to model the storage stability of organotin compounds in human urine, demonstrating that organotins are highly degraded in this medium, although their stability is satisfactory during the first 4 days of storage at 4 °C and pH=4. Finally, this methodology was applied to urine samples collected from harbor workers exposed to antifouling paints; methyl- and butyltins were detected, confirming human exposure in this type of work environment. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Mots clés
gas chromatography
human
photometry
procedures
reproducibility
urine
Chromatography
Gas
Humans
Organotin Compounds
Reproducibility of Results
Solid Phase Extraction
Solid Phase Microextraction
Temperature
Urinalysis
Volatilization
Water Pollutants
Chemical
Analytic equipment
Antifouling paint
Body fluids
Extraction
Organometallics
Tin compounds
HS-SPME
Human urine
Organotin speciation
Pulsed flame-photometric detection
Storage condition
organotin compound
water pollutant
analysis
devices