A. Abuatiq, Patients??? and Health Care Providers??? Perception of Stressors in the Intensive Care Units, Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, vol.34, issue.4, pp.205-214, 2015.
DOI : 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000121

C. M. Arroyo-novoa, M. I. Figueroa-ramos, K. A. Puntillo, J. Stanik-hutt, C. L. Thompson et al., Pain related to tracheal suctioning in awake acutely and critically ill adults: A descriptive study, Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, vol.24, issue.1, pp.20-27, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.iccn.2007.05.002

E. Azoulay, F. Pochard, S. Chevret, F. Lemaire, M. Mokhtari et al., Meeting the Needs of Intensive Care Unit Patient Families, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.163, issue.1, pp.135-139, 2001.
DOI : 10.1164/ajrccm.163.1.2005117

R. E. Boyatzis, Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development, SAGE, 1998.

P. Burnard, Coping with emotion in intensive care nursing, Intensive Care Nursing, vol.3, issue.4, pp.157-159, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0266-612X(87)90073-3

S. Cartledge, Factors influencing the turnover of intensive care nurses, Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, vol.17, issue.6, 2001.
DOI : 10.1054/iccn.2001.1599

C. Centeno, M. Arantzamendi, B. Rodríguez, and M. Tavares, Letters from relatives: a source of information providing rich insight into the experience of the family in palliative care, J. Palliat. Care, vol.26, pp.167-175, 2010.

J. E. Davidson, K. Powers, K. M. Hedayat, M. Tieszen, A. A. Kon et al., Clinical practice guidelines for support of the family in the patient-centered intensive care unit: American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force 2004???2005, Critical Care Medicine, vol.35, issue.2, pp.605-622, 1982.
DOI : 10.1097/01.CCM.0000254067.14607.EB

C. Granja, A. Lopes, S. Moreira, C. Dias, A. Costa-pereira et al., Patients' recollections of experiences in the intensive care unit may affect their quality of life, Critical Care, vol.9, issue.2, pp.96-10910, 2005.
DOI : 10.1186/cc3026

A. Green, An exploratory study of patients' memory recall of their stay in an adult intensive therapy unit, Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, vol.12, issue.3, pp.131-137, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0964-3397(96)80435-6

A. Hazzard, W. Harris, and D. Howell, Taking care: Practice and philosophy of communication in a Critical Care follow-up clinic, Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, vol.29, issue.3, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.iccn.2013.01.003

J. L. Hinkle and E. Fitzpatrick, Needs of American relatives of intensive care patients: Perceptions of relatives, physicians and nurses, Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, vol.27, issue.4, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.iccn.2011.04.003

J. G. Hofhuis, P. E. Spronk, H. F. Van-stel, A. J. Schrijvers, J. H. Rommes et al., Experiences of critically ill patients in the ICU, Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, vol.24, issue.5, pp.300-313, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.iccn.2008.03.004

J. C. Jackson, M. J. Santoro, T. M. Ely, L. Boehm, A. L. Kiehl et al., Improving patient care through the prism of psychology: Application of Maslow???s hierarchy to sedation, delirium, and early mobility in the intensive care unit, Journal of Critical Care, vol.29, issue.3, pp.438-444, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.01.009

C. Jones, P. Skirrow, R. D. Griffiths, G. Humphris, S. Ingleby et al., Post-traumatic stress disorder-related symptoms in relatives of patients following intensive care, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.30, issue.3, pp.456-460, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00134-003-2149-5

N. Kentish-barnes and M. Chaize, Crit??res de jugement du ????mieux vivre???? en r??animation, R??animation, vol.19, issue.3, pp.204-211, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.reaurg.2010.03.009

S. Khaleghparast, S. Joolaee, B. Ghanbari, M. Maleki, H. Peyrovi et al., A Review of Visiting Policies in Intensive Care Units, Global Journal of Health Science, vol.8, issue.6, pp.267-276, 2016.
DOI : 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p267

M. Pereira, S. Hernández-marrero, and P. , ???In Memory of Those Who Left???: How ???Thank You??? Letters Are Perceived and Used as a Team Empowerment Motivational Factor by a Home-Based Palliative Care Team in the Azorean Islands, Journal of Palliative Medicine, vol.19, issue.11, pp.1130-1131, 2016.
DOI : 10.1089/jpm.2016.0255

M. E. Mccullough, R. A. Emmons, and J. Tsang, The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol.82, issue.1, pp.112-127, 2002.
DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112

S. Mosleh, M. Alja-'afreh, and A. J. Lee, Patient and family/friend satisfaction in a sample of Jordanian Critical Care Units, Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, vol.31, issue.6, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.iccn.2015.04.004

J. E. Nelson, D. E. Meier, E. J. Oei, D. M. Nierman, R. S. Senzel et al., Self-reported symptom experience of critically ill cancer patients receiving intensive care, Critical Care Medicine, vol.29, issue.2, pp.277-282, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00003246-200102000-00010

M. A. Novaes, E. Knobel, A. M. Bork, O. F. Pavão, L. A. Nogueira-martins et al., Stressors in ICU: perception of the patient, relatives and health care team, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.25, issue.12, pp.1421-1426, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s001340051091

P. S. Pang and L. K. Suen, Stressors in the ICU: a comparison of patients??? and nurses??? perceptions, Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol.24, issue.20, 2008.
DOI : 10.1378/chest.130.5.1293

E. D. Papathanassoglou, Psychological support and outcomes for ICU patients, Nursing in Critical Care, vol.81, issue.1, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/00005082-199807000-00009

M. C. Poncet, P. Toullic, L. Papazian, N. Kentish-barnes, J. Timsit et al., Burnout Syndrome in Critical Care Nursing Staff, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.175, issue.7, pp.698-704, 2007.
DOI : 10.1164/rccm.200606-806OC
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00348872

I. Randen, A. Lerdal, and I. T. Bjørk, Nurses' perceptions of unpleasant symptoms and signs in ventilated and sedated patients, Nursing in Critical Care, vol.56, issue.4, pp.176-186, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02524.x

J. Rattray, C. Crocker, M. Jones, and J. Connaghan, Patients' perceptions of and emotional outcome after intensive care: results from a multicentre study, Nursing in Critical Care, vol.67, issue.2, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s00134-001-1168-3

A. Rhodes, R. P. Moreno, E. Azoulay, M. Capuzzo, J. D. Chiche et al., Task Force on Safety and Quality of European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), 2012. Prospectively defined indicators to improve the safety and quality of care for critically ill patients: a report from the Task Force on Safety and Quality of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) Intensive Care Med, pp.598-60510, 1007.

A. W. Schindler, N. Schindler, F. Enz, A. Lueck, T. Olderog et al., ICU personnel have inaccurate perceptions of their patients' experiences, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.29, issue.8, pp.1032-1040, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.iccn.2012.05.003

B. Simini, Patients' perceptions of intensive care, The Lancet, vol.354, issue.9178, pp.571-572, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)02728-2

D. J. Stanton, The psychological impact of intensive therapy: the role of nurses, Intensive Care Nursing, vol.7, issue.4, pp.230-23510, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0266-612X(91)90048-V

J. Stein-parbury and S. Mckinley, Patients' experiences of being in an intensive care unit: a select literature review, Am. J. Crit. Care Off. Publ. Am. Assoc. Crit.-Care Nurses, vol.9, pp.20-27, 2000.

J. C. Tronto, Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care, 1993.

S. Whitton and L. I. Pittiglio, Critical Care Open Visiting Hours, Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, vol.34, issue.4, pp.361-366, 1978.
DOI : 10.1097/CNQ.0b013e31822c9ab1