Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers - Archive ouverte HAL Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue AJP - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology Année : 2017

Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers

Résumé

The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) and antimicrobial peptides and proteins. With the exception of sIgA, expression of these protective barrier factors is largely controlled by innate immune recognition of microbial molecular ligands. Several specialized adaptations and checkpoints are operating in the mucosa to scale the immune response according to the threat and prevent overreaction to the trillions of symbionts inhabiting the human intestine. A healthy microbiota plays a key role influencing epithelial barrier functions through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and interactions with innate pattern recognition receptors in the mucosa, driving the steady-state expression of mucus and antimicrobial factors. However, perturbation of gut barrier homeostasis can lead to increased inflammatory signaling, increased epithelial permeability, and dysbiosis of the microbiota, which are recognized to play a role in the pathophysiology of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, gut-brain signaling may be affected by prolonged mucosal immune activation, leading to increased afferent sensory signaling and abdominal symptoms. In turn, neuronal mechanisms can affect the intestinal barrier partly by activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and both mast cell-dependent and mast cell-independent mechanisms. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional interventions, including strategies to manipulate the microbiota, is considered a relevant target for novel therapeutic and preventive treatments against a range of diseases. Several biomarkers have been used to measure gut permeability and loss of barrier integrity in intestinal diseases, but there remains a need to explore their use in assessing the effect of nutritional factors on gut barrier function. Future studies should aim to establish normal ranges of available biomarkers and their predictive value for gut health in human cohorts.
Fichier principal
Vignette du fichier
wells_amj-physiol-gastro-liver-physio_2017_1.pdf (1.69 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Origine : Fichiers éditeurs autorisés sur une archive ouverte
Loading...

Dates et versions

hal-01602268 , version 1 (26-05-2020)

Licence

Paternité

Identifiants

Citer

Jerry M. Wells, Robert J. Brummer, Muriel Derrien, Thomas T. Macdonald, Freddy Troost, et al.. Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers. AJP - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2017, 312 (3), pp.G171-G193. ⟨10.1152/ajpgi.00048.2015⟩. ⟨hal-01602268⟩
115 Consultations
85 Téléchargements

Altmetric

Partager

Gmail Facebook X LinkedIn More