R. R. Watkins and R. A. Bonomo, Overview: Global and Local Impact of Antibiotic Resistance, Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, vol.30, issue.2, pp.313-322, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.idc.2016.02.001

R. Laxminarayan, Access to effective antimicrobials: a worldwide challenge, The Lancet, vol.387, issue.10014, pp.168-175, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00474-2

D. Jones, News and analysis: the antibacterial lead discovery challenge, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov, vol.9, pp.751-752, 2010.

M. H. Kollef, The intensive care medicine research agenda on multidrug-resistant bacteria, antibiotics, and stewardship. Intensive Care Med. doi:10, pp.134-151, 2017.
DOI : 10.1007/s00134-017-4682-7

H. Nikaido, Molecular Basis of Bacterial Outer Membrane Permeability Revisited, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol.67, issue.4, pp.593-656, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/MMBR.67.4.593-656.2003
URL : http://mmbr.asm.org/content/67/4/593.full.pdf

J. M. Pagès, C. E. James, and M. Winterhalter, The porin and the permeating antibiotic: a selective diffusion barrier in Gram-negative bacteria, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.390, issue.12, pp.893-903, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0969-2126(99)80055-0

J. M. Blair, M. A. Webber, A. J. Baylay, D. O. Ogbolu, and L. J. Piddock, Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.4, issue.1, pp.42-51, 2015.
DOI : 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00138

M. Masi, M. Réfrégiers, K. M. Pos, and J. M. Pagès, Mechanisms of envelope permeability and antibiotic influx and efflux in Gram-negative bacteria, Nature Microbiology, vol.3, issue.3, p.17001, 2017.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0901695106
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01490432

H. Nikaido and J. M. Pagès, Broad-specificity efflux pumps and their role in multidrug resistance of Gram-negative bacteria, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol.36, issue.2, pp.340-363, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00290.x

J. M. Bolla, Strategies for bypassing the membrane barrier in multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, FEBS Letters, vol.77, issue.11, pp.1682-1690, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/9780470920541.ch2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01425039

R. A. Stavenger and M. Winterhalter, TRANSLOCATION Project: How to Get Good Drugs into Bad Bugs, Science Translational Medicine, vol.4, issue.20, pp.228-235, 2014.
DOI : 10.1039/c2nr31024d

J. M. Blair and L. J. Piddock, ABSTRACT, mBio, vol.7, issue.4, pp.840-1600840, 1128.
DOI : 10.1128/mBio.00840-16

Y. Zhou, Thinking Outside the ???Bug???: A Unique Assay To Measure Intracellular Drug Penetration in Gram-Negative Bacteria, Analytical Chemistry, vol.87, issue.7, pp.3579-3584, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/ac504880r

T. D. Davis, C. J. Gerry, and D. S. Tan, General Platform for Systematic Quantitative Evaluation of Small-Molecule Permeability in Bacteria, ACS Chemical Biology, vol.9, issue.11, pp.2535-2544, 2014.
DOI : 10.1021/cb5003015

S. Ka??áková, L. Maigre, J. Chevalier, M. Réfrégiers, and J. M. Pagès, Antibiotic Transport in Resistant Bacteria: Synchrotron UV Fluorescence Microscopy to Determine Antibiotic Accumulation with Single Cell Resolution, PLoS ONE, vol.14, issue.4, p.38624, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0038624.s004

B. Cinquin, Microspectrometric insights on the uptake of antibiotics at the single bacterial cell level, Scientific Reports, vol.14, issue.1, p.17968, 2015.
DOI : 10.1107/S0909049509034049
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01463299

Z. H. Li, P. Plesiat, and H. Nikaido, The Challenge of Efflux-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol.28, issue.2, pp.337-418, 2015.
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.00117-14

H. I. Zgurskaya, C. A. López, and S. Gnanakaran, Permeability Barrier of Gram-Negative Cell Envelopes and Approaches To Bypass It, ACS Infectious Diseases, vol.1, issue.11, pp.512-522, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00097

H. Nikaido, Prevention of drug access to bacterial targets: permeability barriers and active efflux, Science, vol.264, issue.5157, pp.382-388, 1994.
DOI : 10.1126/science.8153625

A. Davin-regli, Membrane Permeability and Regulation of Drug “Influx and Efflux” in Enterobacterial Pathogens, Current Drug Targets, vol.9, issue.9, pp.750-759, 2008.
DOI : 10.2174/138945008785747824

A. R. Brown, A Mass Spectrometry-Based Assay for Improved Quantitative Measurements of Efflux Pump Inhibition, PLOS ONE, vol.58, issue.5, p.124814, 2015.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0124814.s002

P. R. Carey and H. Heidari-torkabadi, New techniques in antibiotic discovery and resistance: Raman spectroscopy, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.47, issue.1, pp.67-81, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/bi800833u

R. Misra, K. D. Morrison, H. J. Cho, and T. Khuu, ABSTRACT, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.197, issue.15, pp.2479-2488, 2015.
DOI : 10.1128/JB.02456-14

E. Bacqué, Preparation of 8-azetidinobenzo[b][1,8]napthyridin-4-one-3-carboxylates as antibacterial agents, EP, vol.536035, 1993.

L. Mamelli, New Antibiotic Molecules: Bypassing the Membrane Barrier of Gram Negative Bacteria Increases the Activity of Peptide Deformylase Inhibitors, PLoS ONE, vol.3, issue.7, p.6443, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0006443.t005
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00853795

T. P. Zabawa, M. J. Pucci, T. R. Parr, . Jr, and T. Lister, Treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections by potentiation of antibiotics, Current Opinion in Microbiology, vol.33, pp.7-12, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.005

J. M. Blair, G. E. Richmond, and L. J. Piddock, Multidrug efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria and their role in antibiotic resistance, Future Microbiology, vol.9, issue.10, pp.1165-1177, 2014.
DOI : 10.2217/fmb.14.66

S. Alibert, Multidrug efflux pumps and their role in antibiotic and antiseptic resistance: a pharmacodynamic perspective, Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, vol.480, issue.3, pp.301-309, 2017.
DOI : 10.1038/srep17968
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01425015

K. Z. Vardakas and M. E. Falagas, Colistin versus polymyxin B for the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.49, issue.2, pp.233-238, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.07.023

F. Jamme, Synchrotron UV Fluorescence Microscopy Uncovers New Probes in Cells and Tissues, Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol.91, issue.05, pp.507-514, 2010.
DOI : 10.1366/0003702953965597
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00609593

A. Edelstein, N. Amodaj, K. Hoover, R. Vale, and N. Stuurman, Computer Control of Microscopes Using ??Manager, Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. Chapter, vol.15, pp.10-1002, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/0471142727.mb1420s92
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065365

C. A. Schneider, W. S. Rasband, and K. W. Eliceiri, NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis, Nature Methods, vol.42, issue.7, pp.671-675, 2012.
DOI : 10.2144/000112257