Trace elements and graphite shape degeneracy in nodular graphite cast irons
Résumé
Graphite degeneracy in spheroidal graphite cast iron is a common issue faced by foundries. It is generally associated with the presence of so-called poisoning elements and may in some cases be suppressed by the addition of other elements. Mastering these additions is not simple in practice since industrial alloys do generally contain many elements that can affect graphite shape even when present at low or trace levels. In this work, trace and low-level elements are considered in relation with three steps of microstructure formation: (1) nucleation of graphite; (2) growth of graphite; and (3) solid-state transformations.
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