Z. Altamimi, X. Collilieux, and L. Métivier, ITRF2008: an improved solution of the international terrestrial reference frame, Journal of Geodesy, vol.57, issue.B13, pp.457-473, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02520910

N. Ambraseys and J. Jackson, Faulting associated with historical and recent earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean region, Geophysical Journal International, vol.133, issue.2, pp.390-406, 1998.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00508.x

Y. E. Bar-sever, P. M. Kroger, and J. A. Borjesson, Estimating horizontal gradients of tropospheric path delay with a single GPS receiver, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.102, issue.44, pp.5019-5035, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/96JB03860

J. Beavan and J. Haines, Contemporary horizontal velocity and strain rate fields of the Pacific-Australian plate boundary zone through New Zealand, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.102, issue.33, pp.741-77010, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/97JB01380

R. Bennett, Syn-convergent extension observed using the RETREAT GPS network, northern Apennines, Italy, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.290, issue.5498, pp.10-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1126/science.290.5498.1910

R. A. Bennett, S. Hreinsdóttir, G. Buble, T. Ba?i´cba?i´c, ?. Ba?i´ba?i´c et al., Eocene to present subduction of southern Adria mantle lithosphere beneath the Dinarides, Geology, vol.36, issue.1, pp.36-39, 2008.
DOI : 10.1130/G24136A.1

M. H. Benoit, M. Torpey, K. Liszewski, V. Levin, and J. Park, P and S wave upper mantle seismic velocity structure beneath the northern Apennines: New evidence for the end of subduction, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst, vol.10, pp.10-1029, 1002.

W. Bertiger, S. D. Desai, B. Haines, N. Harvey, A. W. Moore et al., Single receiver phase ambiguity resolution with GPS data, Journal of Geodesy, vol.102, issue.B3, pp.327-337, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s00190-010-0371-9

I. Bianchi, M. S. Miller, and G. Bokelmann, Insights on the upper mantle beneath the Eastern Alps, Insights on the upper mantle beneath the Eastern Alps, pp.199-209, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.051

G. Blewitt, GPS Data Processing Methodology: from Theory to Applications, GPS for Geodesy, pp.231-270, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-72011-6_6

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.117.7355

G. Blewitt, C. Kreemer, W. C. Hammond, and J. M. Goldfarb, Terrestrial reference frame NA12 for crustal deformation studies in North America, Journal of Geodynamics, vol.72, pp.11-24, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jog.2013.08.004

J. Böhm, A. Niell, P. Tregoning, and H. Schuh, Global Mapping Function (GMF): A new empirical mapping function based on numerical weather model data, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.32, issue.7, pp.10-1029, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2005GL025546

J. Brun and D. Sokoutis, 45 m.y. of Aegean crust and mantle flow driven by trench retreat, Geology, vol.38, issue.9, pp.38-815, 2010.
DOI : 10.1130/G30950.1

A. Caporali, Surface kinematics in the Alpine???Carpathian???Dinaric and Balkan region inferred from a new multi-network GPS combination solution, Tectonophysics, vol.474, issue.1-2, pp.474-295, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.04.035

G. Cavinato and P. De-celles, Extensional basins in the tectonically bimodal central Apennines fold-thrust belt, Italy: Response to corner flow above a subducting slab in retrograde motion, Geology, vol.27, issue.10, pp.27-955, 1999.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0955:EBITTB>2.3.CO;2

D. Cheloni, N. D. Agostino, and G. Selvaggi, Interseismic coupling, seismic potential, and earthquake recurrence on the southern front of the Eastern Alps (NE Italy), Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.102, issue.4, pp.4448-446810, 2014.
DOI : 10.1029/96JB03860

Q. Chen, J. T. Freymueller, Q. Wang, Z. Yang, C. Xu et al., A deforming block model for the present-day tectonics of Tibet, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.102, issue.4, pp.140310-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/96JB03860

A. Copley, Kinematics and dynamics of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Geophysical Journal International, vol.174, issue.3, pp.1081-1100, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03853.x

A. Copley, F. Boait, J. Hollingsworth, J. Jackson, and D. Mckenzie, Subparallel thrust and normal faulting in Albania and the roles of gravitational potential energy and rheology contrasts in mountain belts, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.305, issue.B5, pp.540710-1029, 2009.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511818516

D. Agostino and N. , Convective support of long-wavelength topography in the Apennines (Italy), Terra Nova, vol.11, issue.5, pp.228-233, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-3121.1999.00252.x

D. Agostino, N. , J. Jackson, F. Dramis, and R. Funiciello, Interactions between mantle upwelling, drainage evolution and active normal faulting: An example from the Central Apennines (Italy), Geophys, J. Int, vol.147, issue.2, pp.475-497, 2001.

D. Agostino, N. , A. Avallone, D. Cheloni, E. et al., Active tectonics of the Adriatic region from GPS and earthquake slip vectors, J. Geophys. Res, vol.113, pp.1241310-1029, 2008.

D. Agostino, N. , P. England, I. Hunstad, and G. Selvaggi, Gravitational potential energy and active deformation in the Apennines, Gravitational potential energy and active deformation in the Apennines, pp.121-132, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.013

E. Debayle and Y. Ricard, Seismic observations of large-scale deformation at the bottom of fast-moving plates, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.376, pp.165-177, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.025

H. H. Demarest, Error analysis for the determination of tectonic rotation from paleomagnetic data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.88, issue.B5, pp.4321-4328, 1983.
DOI : 10.1029/RG018i002p00455

R. Devoti, A. Esposito, G. Pietrantonio, A. R. Pisani, and F. Riguzzi, Evidence of large scale deformation patterns from GPS data in the Italian subduction boundary, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.311, issue.3-4, pp.311-230, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.034

J. Ebbing, C. Braitenberg, and H. Götze, The lithospheric density structure of the Eastern Alps, Tectonophysics, vol.414, issue.1-4, pp.145-155, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.015

P. England and G. Houseman, Extension during continental convergence, with application to the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.4, issue.B12, pp.561-17579, 1989.
DOI : 10.1029/TC004i004p00359

P. England and J. Jackson, Active Deformation of the Continents, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol.17, issue.1, pp.197-226, 1989.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ea.17.050189.001213

P. England and D. Mckenzie, A thin viscous sheet model for continental deformation, Geophysical Journal International, vol.70, issue.2, pp.295-321, 1982.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1982.tb04969.x

P. England and P. Molnar, Active Deformation of Asia: From Kinematics to Dynamics, Science, vol.278, issue.5338, pp.278-647, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.278.5338.647

C. Faccenna, T. W. Becker, L. Jolivet, and M. Keskin, Mantle convection in the Middle East: Reconciling Afar upwelling, Arabia indentation and Aegean trench rollback, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.375, pp.254-269, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.043

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00859093

L. Fleitout and C. Froidevaux, Tectonics and topography for a lithosphere containing density heterogeneities, Tectonics, vol.85, issue.1, pp.21-56, 1982.
DOI : 10.1029/JB085iB11p06113

C. Galasso, I. Gomez, A. Gupta, and B. Shen-tu, Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Albania, Macedonia and Serbia, paper presented at Skopje Earthquake?50 Years of European Earthquake Engineering, pp.29-31, 2013.

A. Haines and W. Holt, A procedure for obtaining the complete horizontal motions within zones of distributed deformation from the inversion of strain rate data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.16, issue.B7, pp.98057-12082, 1993.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0153:TOWYPC>2.3.CO;2

C. Haslinger, S. Krauss, and G. Stangl, The intra-plate velocities of GPS permanent stations of the Eastern Alps, Vermessung Geoinformation, vol.2, pp.66-72, 2007.

L. Jolivet, Aegean tectonics: Strain localisation, slab tearing and trench retreat, Tectonophysics, vol.597, issue.598, pp.1-33, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.011

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00715950

C. Kissel, C. Laj, and C. Müller, Tertiary geodynamical evolution of northwestern Greece: paleomagnetic results, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.72, issue.2-3, pp.190-204, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(85)90005-6

C. Kissel, F. Speranza, and V. Milicevic, Paleomagnetism of external southern and central Dinarides and northern Albanides: Implications for the Cenozoic activity of the Scutari-Pec Transverse Zone, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.98, issue.4, pp.999-15007, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-1951(83)90209-3

L. Pichon, X. , and C. Kreemer, The Miocene-to-Present Kinematic Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East and Its Implications for Dynamics, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol.38, issue.1, pp.323-351, 2010.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152419

L. E. Malvern, Introduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous Medium, 1969.

L. Margheriti, F. Lucente, and S. Pondrelli, SKS splitting measurements in the Apenninic-Tyrrhenian domain (Italy) and their relation with lithospheric subduction and mantle convection, J. Geophys. Res, vol.108, issue.B4, pp.221810-1029, 2003.

B. J. Meade, Present-day kinematics at the India-Asia collision zone, Geology, vol.35, issue.1, pp.81-84, 2007.
DOI : 10.1130/G22924A.1

I. Molinari and A. Morelli, EPcrust: a reference crustal model for the European Plate, Geophysical Journal International, vol.185, issue.1, pp.352-364, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04940.x

P. Molnar, Continental tectonics in the aftermath of plate tectonics, Nature, vol.335, issue.6186, pp.335-131, 1988.
DOI : 10.1038/335131a0

P. Molnar and H. Lyon-caen, Some simple physical aspects of the support, structure, and evolution of mountain belts, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap, vol.218, pp.179-208, 1988.
DOI : 10.1130/SPE218-p179

P. Molnar and P. Tapponnier, Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: Effects of a continental collision, Science, issue.4201, pp.189-419, 1975.

J. Nocquet, Present-day kinematics of the Mediterranean: A comprehensive overview of GPS results, Tectonophysics, vol.579, pp.220-242, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.03.037

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00812759

M. Nyst and W. Thatcher, New constraints on the active tectonic deformation of the Aegean, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.238, issue.B9, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/335340a0

J. Olive, F. Pearce, S. Rondenay, and M. D. Behn, Pronounced zonation of seismic anisotropy in the Western Hellenic subduction zone and its geodynamic significance, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.391, pp.100-109, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.029

A. Paul, H. Karabulut, A. K. Mutlu, and G. Salaün, A comprehensive and densely sampled map of shear-wave azimuthal anisotropy in the Aegean???Anatolia region, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.389, pp.14-22, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.019

E. Perouse, N. Chamot-rooke, A. Rabaute, P. Briole, F. Jouanne et al., Bridging onshore and offshore present-day kinematics of central and eastern Mediterranean: Implications for crustal dynamics and mantle flow, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol.36, issue.4, p.901310, 1029.
DOI : 10.1130/G24611A.1

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01438195

J. T. Petrovski, Damaging Effects of, 1963.

F. J. Picha, Late orogenic strike-slip faulting and escape tectonics in frontal Dinarides-Hellenides, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Albania, and Greece, Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol, vol.86, issue.9, pp.1659-1671, 2002.

C. Piromallo and A. Morelli, P wave tomography of the mantle under the Alpine-Mediterranean area, J. Geophys. Res, vol.108, issue.B2, pp.10-1029, 2003.

S. Pondrelli, S. Salimbeni, G. Ekström, A. Morelli, P. Gasperini et al., The Italian CMT dataset from 1977 to the present, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.159, issue.3-4, pp.286-303, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pepi.2006.07.008

S. Pondrelli, S. Salimbeni, A. Morelli, G. Ekström, L. Postpischl et al., European???Mediterranean Regional Centroid Moment Tensor catalog: Solutions for 2005???2008, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.185, issue.3-4, pp.74-81, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pepi.2011.01.007

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735850

L. Ratschbacher, W. Frisch, H. Linzer, and O. Merle, Lateral extrusion in the eastern Alps, PArt 2: Structural analysis, Tectonics, vol.45, issue.2, pp.257-271, 1991.
DOI : 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XIX.3.437

P. Rebischung, J. Griffiths, J. Ray, R. Schmid, X. Collilieux et al., IGS08: the IGS realization of ITRF2008, GPS Solutions, vol.76, issue.11???12, pp.483-494, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00190-002-0294-1

R. Reilinger, S. Mcclusky, D. Paradissis, S. Ergintav, and P. Vernant, Geodetic constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Aegean region and strain accumulation along the Hellenic subduction zone, Tectonophysics, vol.488, issue.1-4, pp.488-510, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.05.027

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00512634

J. Robl and K. Stüwe, Continental collision with finite indenter strength: 2. European Eastern Alps, Tectonics, vol.73, issue.6, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/1999TC900017

L. H. Royden and D. J. Papanikolaou, Slab segmentation and late Cenozoic disruption of the Hellenic arc, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol.290, issue.5498, pp.10-1029, 2011.
DOI : 10.1126/science.290.5498.1910

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01438679

H. Scherneck, A parametrized solid earth tide model and ocean tide loading effects for global geodetic baseline measurements, Geophysical Journal International, vol.106, issue.3, pp.677-694, 1991.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb06339.x

J. Selverstone, ARE THE ALPS COLLAPSING?, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol.33, issue.1, pp.113-132, 2004.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122535

E. Serpelloni, M. Anzidei, P. Baldi, G. Casula, and A. Galvani, Crustal velocity and strain-rate fields in Italy and surrounding regions: new results from the analysis of permanent and non-permanent GPS networks, Geophysical Journal International, vol.161, issue.3, pp.861-880, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02618.x

S. Shanov and N. Dobrev, Tectonic stress field in the epicentral area of 04.04, Krupnik earthquake from striae on slickensides, Q11 in Reports on Geodesy, pp.117-122, 1904.

L. J. Sonder and P. England, Vertical averages of rheology of the continental lithosphere: relation to thin sheet parameters, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.77, issue.1, pp.81-90, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(86)90134-2

F. Speranza, I. Islami, C. Kissel, and A. Hyseni, Paleomagnetic evidence for Cenozoic clockwise rotation of the external Albanides, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.129, issue.1-4, pp.121-134, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(94)00231-M

J. Suckale, S. Rondenay, M. Sachpazi, M. Charalampakis, A. Hosa et al., High-resolution seismic imaging of the western Hellenic subduction zone using teleseismic scattered waves, Geophysical Journal International, vol.178, issue.2, pp.775-791, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04170.x

W. Thatcher, Microplate model for the present-day deformation of Tibet, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.6, issue.B4, pp.10-1029, 1401.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1982.tb04969.x

W. Thatcher, How the Continents Deform: The Evidence From Tectonic Geodesy, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol.37, issue.1, pp.237-262, 2009.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100035

D. Van-hinsbergen, C. Langereis, and J. Meulenkamp, Revision of the timing, magnitude and distribution of Neogene rotations in the western Aegean region, Tectonophysics, vol.396, issue.1-2, pp.1-34, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2004.10.001

T. Velaj, Evaporites in Albania and their impact on the thrusting processes, Carbonates and Evaporites, vol.2, issue.nos. 1, pp.9-18, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/BF03175658

M. Vergnolle, E. Calais, and L. Dong, Dynamics of continental deformation in Asia, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.243, issue.52, pp.10-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/GD023p0021

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00195596

S. Wdowinski, Y. Bock, J. Zhang, P. Fang, and J. Genrich, Southern California permanent GPS geodetic array: Spatial filtering of daily positions for estimating coseismic and postseismic displacements induced by the 1992 Landers earthquake, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.102, issue.B8, pp.57-18070, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/97JB01380

S. D. Williams, CATS: GPS coordinate time series analysis software, GPS Solutions, vol.102, issue.B8, pp.147-153, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10291-007-0086-4

E. Willingshofer and S. Cloetingh, Present-day lithospheric strength of the Eastern Alps and its relationship to neotectonics, Tectonics, vol.98, issue.10, pp.107510-1029, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-1951(92)90229-Y

A. Wüstefeld, G. Bokelmann, G. Barruol, and J. Montagner, Identifying global seismic anisotropy patterns by correlating shear-wave splitting and surface-wave data, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.176, issue.3-4, pp.198-212, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pepi.2009.05.006

J. Zumberge, M. Heflin, D. Jefferson, M. Watkins, and F. Webb, Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.I, issue.3, pp.5005-5017, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/94RS03186