Epidemiological and mortality trends in infective endocarditis, a 17-year population-based prospective study

Alberto Cresti (1) , Mario Chiavarelli (2) , Marco Scalese (3) , Cesira Nencioni (4) , Silvia Valentini (4) , Francesco Guerrini (1) , Incoronata d'Aiello (1) , Andrea Picchi (1) , Francesco de Sensi (1) , Gilbert Habib (5)

1 Cardiological Department [Grosseto, Italy]
2 Department of Surgery - Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery [Siena, Italy]
3 Department of Epidemiology and Health Research [Pisa, Italy]
4 Infectious Disease Department [Grosseto, Italy]
5 Département de Cardiologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM]

Background: The population at risk, the clinical and microbiological features of infective endocarditis (IE) have changed. Aim of our study was to evaluate the contemporary epidemiological trends, over a 17-year period in a definite region of Tuscany, Italy, to analyze the clinical outcomes and associated prognostic factors. Methods: From 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2014, all patients with a definite diagnosis of IE were prospectively entered in a data-base. The Health-Care system data-base was interrogated to capture patients who could have been missed. The final dataset derived by the merging of the two data-bases. Results: Incidence rate of IE was 4.6/100,000/y with a significant linear incidence increase. In hospitalized patients the incidence was 1.27/1,000 admissions. Over age 65 incidence rate was 11.7/100,000/y. Male/female ratio was 1.54: 1. A temporal trend towards an increase in the mean population age was found (P=0.033). There was an increase in the incidence of Health-care associated IE, P=0.016. The most common microorganisms were staphylococcus aureus (25%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (22%). In-hospital mortality was 24%. A trend towards an increase in mortality rate was found (P=0.055). Independent predictors of mortality were older age, S. aureus infection, heart failure, septic shock and persistent bacteremia. Conclusions: Our study confirms an increasing mortality trend in IE, although with a borderline significance. Elderly forms are associated with poor prognosis and higher than 1-year mortality rate even in the multivariate analysis. Ageing population, increase in healthcare-associated and staphylococcal infections, may explain the rise of IE incidence and of the mortality trend.

Mots clés: community-acquired endocarditis; temporal trends; Infective endocarditis (IE); epidemiology; health-care associated endocarditis

Domaines: Maladies infectieuses; Cardiologie et système cardiovasculaire; Santé publique et épidémiologie

Alberto Cresti, Mario Chiavarelli, Marco Scalese, Cesira Nencioni, Silvia Valentini, et al.. Epidemiological and mortality trends in infective endocarditis, a 17-year population-based prospective study. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy, 2017, 7 (1), pp.27-35. ⟨10.21037/cdt.2016.08.09⟩. ⟨hal-01521361⟩