J. M. Abowd, F. Kramarz, and D. N. Margolis, High Wage Workers and High Wage Firms, Econometrica, vol.67, pp.271-333, 1999.
DOI : 10.3386/w4917
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00353892

A. Adsera and M. Pytlikova, The Role of Language in Shaping International Migration, The Economic Journal, vol.101, issue.3, pp.49-81, 2015.
DOI : 10.1257/aer.101.3.526

D. A. Ackerberg, K. Caves, and G. Frazer, Identification Properties of Recent Production Function Estimators, Econometrica, vol.83, issue.6
DOI : 10.3982/ECTA13408

A. Alesina, L. Ferrara, and E. , Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.43, issue.3, pp.762-800, 2005.
DOI : 10.1257/002205105774431243
URL : https://doi.org/10.3386/w10313

P. Almeida and B. Kogut, Localization of Knowledge and the Mobility of Engineers in Regional Networks, Management Science, vol.45, issue.7, pp.905-917, 1999.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.45.7.905

A. K. Andersen, Commuting Areas in Denmark, 2000.

K. J. Arrow, The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing, The Review of Economic Studies, vol.29, issue.3, pp.155-173, 1962.
DOI : 10.2307/2295952

A. B. Atkinson and J. E. Stiglitz, A new view of technological change. The Economic Journal, pp.573-578, 1969.
DOI : 10.2307/2230384

J. Bagger, K. L. Sørensen, and R. Vejlin, Wage sorting trends, Economics Letters, vol.118, issue.1, pp.63-67, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.09.021

R. Balsvik, Is Labor Mobility a Channel for Spillovers from Multinationals? Evidence from Norwegian Manufacturing, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.76, issue.1, pp.285-297, 2011.
DOI : 10.1257/0002828041464605
URL : https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/11250/166264/1/AN25_09.pdf

C. Bartolucci and F. Devicienti, Better Workers Move to Better Firms: A Simple Test to Identify Sorting, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.259, 2012.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.2154322
URL : https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/90077/1/dp7601.pdf

H. Battu, C. R. Belfield, and P. J. Sloane, Human Capital Spillovers within the Workplace: Evidence for Great Britain*, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, vol.27, issue.5, pp.575-594, 2003.
DOI : 10.1086/209846
URL : http://cep.lse.ac.uk/seminarpapers/01-11-02-SLO.pdf

D. Card, J. Heining, and P. Kline, Workplace Heterogeneity and the Rise of West German Wage Inequality*, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.111, issue.no. 1, pp.967-1015, 2013.
DOI : 10.2307/2946662
URL : https://doi.org/10.3386/w18522

M. Carlsen and A. M. Jensen, Globalisation and Danish Direct Investments, Danmarks Nationalbank Monetary Review, pp.51-66, 2008.

E. D. Darr, L. Argote, and D. Epple, The Acquisition, Transfer, and Depreciation of Knowledge in Service Organizations: Productivity in Franchises, Management Science, vol.41, issue.11, pp.41-1750, 1995.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.41.11.1750

M. Gaynor, H. Seider, and W. B. Vogt, The volume-outcome effect, scale economies, and learningby-doing, American Economic Review, pp.243-247, 2005.
DOI : 10.1257/000282805774670329
URL : http://www.aeaweb.org/assa/2005/0108_1015_0701.pdf

E. Glaeser, D. I. Laibson, J. A. Scheinkman, and C. L. Soutter, Measuring Trust*, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.115, issue.3, pp.811-846, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-9280.00202

G. M. Grossman and E. Helpman, Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, 1991.

L. Guiso, P. Sapienza, and L. Zingales, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.124, issue.3, pp.1095-1131, 2009.
DOI : 10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1095

L. Hong and S. E. Page, Problem Solving by Heterogeneous Agents, Journal of Economic Theory, vol.97, issue.1, pp.123-163, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/jeth.2000.2709

S. Iranzo, F. Schivardi, and E. Tosetti, Skill Dispersion and Firm Productivity: An Analysis with Employer???Employee Matched Data, Journal of Labor Economics, vol.26, issue.2, pp.247-285, 2008.
DOI : 10.1086/587091

D. A. Irwin and P. J. Klenow, Learning-by-Doing Spillovers in the Semiconductor Industry, Journal of Political Economy, vol.102, issue.6, pp.1200-1227, 1994.
DOI : 10.1086/261968

U. Kaiser, H. C. Kongsted, and T. Rønde, Does the mobility of R&D labor increase innovation?, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, vol.110, pp.91-105, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jebo.2014.12.012

J. Kim and G. Marschke, Labor Mobility of Scientists, Technological Diffusion, and the Firm's Patenting Decision, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.36, pp.298-317, 2005.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.288580

J. Konings and S. Vanormelingen, The Impact of Training on Productivity and Wages: Firm Level Evidence, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.972, pp.485-497, 2015.
DOI : 10.1162/rest_a_00460
URL : https://nur.nu.edu.kz/bitstream/123456789/1905/1/The%20impact%20of%20training%20on%20productivity%20and%20wages%20firm-level%20evidence%20-%20Konings%20%26%20Vanormelingen%20%282015%29%2b.pdf

E. P. Lazear, Globalisation and the Market for Team-Mates, The Economic Journal, vol.109, issue.454, pp.15-40, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-0297.00414

E. P. Lazear, Balanced Skills and Entrepreneurship, American Economic Review, vol.94, issue.2, pp.208-219, 2004.
DOI : 10.1257/0002828041301425
URL : http://faculty-gsb.stanford.edu/lazear/Personal/PDFs/Balanced Skills and Entrepreneurship (12-15-03).pdf

J. S. Leonard and D. I. Levine, Diversity, Discrimination, and Performance. Institute for Research and Employment Working Paper 147, 2006.

J. Levinsohn and A. Petrin, Estimating production functions using inputs to control for unobservables . The Review of Economic Studies, pp.317-341, 2003.

R. E. Lucas and . Jr, On the mechanics of economic development, Journal of Monetary Economics, vol.22, issue.1, pp.3-42, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7

M. Maliranta, P. Mohnen, and P. Rouvinen, Is inter-firm labor mobility a channel of knowledge spillovers? Evidence from a linked employer-employee panel, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol.48, issue.5-6, pp.1161-1191, 2009.
DOI : 10.1080/00420980410001675850

M. Marino, P. Parrotta, and D. Pozzoli, Does labor diversity promote entrepreneurship?, Economics Letters, vol.116, issue.1, pp.15-19, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.01.004
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01514764

A. Marshall, Principles of economics, 1890.

J. Moen, Is Mobility of Technical Personnel a Source of R&D Spillovers?, Journal of Labor Economics, vol.23, issue.1, pp.81-114, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/425434

E. Moretti, Workers' Education, Spillovers, and Productivity: Evidence from Plant-Level Production Functions, American Economic Review, vol.94, issue.3, p.94, 2004.
DOI : 10.1257/0002828041464623

J. R. Munch and J. R. Skaksen, Human capital and wages in exporting firms, Journal of International Economics, vol.75, issue.2, pp.363-372, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jinteco.2008.02.006

R. Nanda and J. B. Sørensen, Workplace Peers and Entrepreneurship, Management Science, vol.56, issue.7, pp.1116-1126, 2010.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.1100.1179

R. R. Nelson and S. G. Winter, The Schumpeterian tradeoff revisited, The American Economic Review, pp.114-132, 1982.

G. S. Olley and A. Pakes, The Dynamics of Productivity in the Telecommunications Equipment Industry, Econometrica, vol.64, issue.6, pp.1263-1297, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/2171831

P. Parrotta and D. Pozzoli, The effect of learning by hiring on productivity, The RAND Journal of Economics, vol.104, issue.1, pp.167-185, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.econlet.2009.04.026
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01514786

P. Parrotta, D. Pozzoli, and M. Pytlikova, Labor diversity and firm productivity, European Economic Review, vol.66, pp.144-179, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2013.12.002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01513969

P. Parrotta, D. Pozzoli, and M. Pytlikova, The nexus between labor diversity and firm???s innovation, Journal of Population Economics, vol.37, issue.2, pp.303-364, 2014.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.37.2.170

J. P. Poole, Knowledge Transfers from Multinational to Domestic Firms: Evidence from Worker Mobility, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.121, issue.2, pp.393-406, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jinteco.2004.01.001

P. M. Romer, Endogenous Technological Change, Journal of Political Economy, vol.98, issue.5, Part 2, pp.71-102, 1990.
DOI : 10.1086/261725

L. Rosenkopf and P. Almeida, Overcoming Local Search Through Alliances and Mobility, Management Science, vol.49, issue.6, pp.751-766, 2003.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.49.6.751.16026

M. Serafinelli, Good Firms, Worker Flows and Local Productivity. mimeo, 2014.

M. A. Schilling, P. Vidal, R. E. Ployhart, and A. Marangoni, Learning by Doing Something Else: Variation, Relatedness, and the Learning Curve, Management Science, vol.49, issue.1, pp.39-56, 2003.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.49.1.39.12750

M. Soderbom and S. Bond, Adjustment costs and the identification of Cobb Douglas production functions, 2005.

J. Song, P. Almeida, and G. Wu, Learning-by-hiring: when is mobility more likely to facilitate interfirm knowledge transfer? Management Science, pp.351-365, 2003.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.49.4.351.14429

A. Stoyanov and N. Zubanov, Productivity Spillovers Across Firms through Worker Mobility, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, vol.4, issue.2, pp.168-198, 2012.
DOI : 10.1257/app.4.2.168
URL : https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/37158/3/Stoyanov_0-388167.pdf

P. Tambe and M. H. Lorin, Job Hopping, Information Technology Spillovers, and Productivity Growth, Management Science, vol.60, issue.2, pp.338-355, 2013.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.2013.1764

J. M. Wooldridge, On estimating firm-level production functions using proxy variables to control for unobservables, Economics Letters, vol.104, issue.3, pp.112-114, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.econlet.2009.04.026

, Appendix 1: Ethnic and demographic diversity In the robustness check of section 4.2, we calculate two separate knowledge spillover indices based on the cultural and the demographic diversity of the sending firms Cultural diversity is represented by the languages foreign employees speak. 24 It has been argued in the previous literature that linguistic distance serves as a good proxy for cultural distance, 2009.

P. Adsera, Therefore, we have grouped employees together by the languages spoken in their countries of origin. This linguistic classification is more detailed than the grouping by nationality We group countries (using the major official language spoken by the majority) at the third linguistic tree level, e.g., Germanic West vs. Germanic North vs. Romance languages. The information on languages is drawn from the encyclopedia of languages entitled Ethnologue: Languages of the World, p.25, 2011.

A. Barbuda, . Aruba, . Australia, . Austria, . Bahamas et al., Slavic South (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia) Slavic East (Belarus, Georgia, Mongolia, Russian Federation, Ukraine) Baltic East (Latvia, Lithuania), Finno-Permic (Finland, Estonia) Ugric (Hungary), Romance, 24 Second-generation immigrants are not treated as foreigners. 25 We use the following linguistic groups: Germanic WestCzech Republic, Poland, Slovakia) Attic (Cyprus, Greece) Turkic West Turkic East Semitic Central Indo-Aryan Mon-Khmer East (Cambodia), Semitic South (Ethiopia), Malayo-Polynesian West (Indonesia, Philippines), Malayo- Polynesian Central East Malayic (Malasya), Cushitic East (Somalia), Viet-Muong (Vietnam), Volta-Congo Barito (Madagascar), Mande West (Mali), Lolo-Burmese (Burma), Chadic West (Niger) Himalayish (Buthan), Armenian (Armenia) Japonic (Japan, Republic of Korea