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Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2013

Designing cropping systems with high productive performance and low use of pesticides: concepts, methods and knowledge, with illustration on vineyards

Résumé

Sustainable development of agriculture in Europe relies on the design of innovative cropping systems able to achieve high productive performance (quantity and quality) with low use of pesticides, while remaining compatible with socio-economic (e.g. labour use) and other environmental objectives (e.g. energy use). Over the last decade, this has led to the emergence of inter-disciplinary research activities driven by system’s analysis and design methodologies. Designing such multifunctional cropping systems requires to develop new knowledge on the relationships between the structure of agroecosystems, the processes involved in plants and pest/disease interactions and how they influence the productive performances of the system and the trade-offs with the other agroecosystem’s services. Designing a “pest suppressive or less susceptible” agroecosystem with less chemical inputs generally leads to complexify its structure (e.g. more plants species in rotation and or association) and put emphasis on poorly known processes such as the interaction between plant vigor and the trade-off between pest/diseases susceptibility on one side and yield formation on the other side. Conceptual models have been developed to integrate existing knowledge from various disciplines, as well as expert knowledge, in order to analyze how the various cropping techniques, including pesticides and genotypes, can be combined in an operational Technical System (TS), in order to manipulate the process involved in plant productivity and pest/disease control to reach the set of objectives fixed for a given context (a farm in a soil/climate and a supply chain). Analysis and management indicators are essential tools to provide information, under field conditions, on the agroecosystem processes and properties in order to guide the design process and support decisions for the management of the TS. Prototyping methodologies have been developed to conceptualize these innovative TS, test them in system’s experiments, evaluate them with a set of assessment indicators and adjust them to reach a targeted compromise among agroecosystem’s services in a progress loop. In return this design oriented approach yields new knowledge on the emerging properties of the agroecosystem and new questions on poorly understood processes or components, which can be further used to prioritize research objectives and conduct analytical experiments. Simulation models can contribute to the approach at various steps and their role and nature will be discussed on the basis of processes to be simulated, affordable uncertainty and available data for their parameterization/evaluation. Specific questions arise from this field-based approach on how to integrate it at farm and landscape scales and how to ensure farmer’s and stakeholder’s involvement in the design/assessment process in order to increase the probability of adoption of these TS by farmers. We will illustrate these concepts, methods and new knowledge on the example of vineyards with results and research questions emerging from the EcoViti network in France
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Dates et versions

hal-01506216 , version 1 (12-04-2017)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-01506216 , version 1
  • PRODINRA : 192602

Citer

Jacques Wéry, Raphaël Metral, Christian Gary, Nicolas Guilpart, Aurelie Metay, et al.. Designing cropping systems with high productive performance and low use of pesticides: concepts, methods and knowledge, with illustration on vineyards. Future IPM in Europe, Mar 2013, Riva del Garda, Italy. ⟨hal-01506216⟩
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