Noonan syndrome-causing SHP2 mutants inhibit insulin-like growth factor 1 release via growth hormone-induced ERK hyperactivation, which contributes to short stature

Audrey de Rocca Serra-Nédélec (1, 2) , Thomas Edouard (3) , Karine Tréguera (1) , Mylène Tajan (1) , Toshiyuki Araki (4) , Marie Dance (5) , Marianne Mus (6) , Alexandra Montagner (7) , Maïté Tauber (3) , Jean-Pierre Salles (6) , Philippe Valet (1) , Benjamin G. Neel (8) , Patrick Raynal (2) , Armelle Yart (1)

1 I2MC - Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires
2 M2CHRNRS - Mécanismes des cardiopathies et résistance hormonale dans le Noonan et syndrome apparentés
3 Centre d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale
4 Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute
5 LBME - Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire eucaryote
6 CPTP - Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan
7 ToxAlim - ToxAlim
8 Ontario Cancer Institute

Noonan syndrome (NS), a genetic disease caused in half of cases by activating mutations of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (PTPN11), is characterized by congenital cardiopathies, facial dysmorphic features, and short stature. How mutated SHP2 induces growth retardation remains poorly understood. We report here that early postnatal growth delay is associated with low levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in a mouse model of NS expressing the D61G mutant of SHP2. Conversely, inhibition of SHP2 expression in growth hormone (GH)-responsive cell lines results in increased IGF-1 release upon GH stimulation. SHP2-deficient cells display decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and rat sarcoma (RAS) activation in response to GH, whereas expression of NS-associated SHP2 mutants results in ERK1/2 hyperactivation in vitro and in vivo. RAS/ERK1/2 inhibition in SHP2-deficient cells correlates with impaired dephosphorylation of the adaptor Grb2-associated binder-1 (GAB1) on its RAS GTPase-activating protein (RASGAP) binding sites and is rescued by interfering with RASGAP recruitment or function. We demonstrate that inhibition of ERK1/2 activation results in an increase of IGF-1 levels in vitro and in vivo, which is associated with significant growth improvement in NS mice. In conclusion, NS-causing SHP2 mutants inhibit GH-induced IGF-1 release through RAS/ERK1/2 hyperactivation, a mechanism that could contribute to growth retardation. This finding suggests that, in addition to its previously shown beneficial effect on NS-linked cardiac and craniofacial defects, RAS/ERK1/2 modulation could also alleviate the short stature phenotype in NS caused by PTPN11 mutations.

Mots clés: DELETION; PTPN11 SHP2; MOUSE MODEL; MUTATIONS; growth hormone insensitivity; signaling; TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE SHP2; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; HEIGHT; MALFORMATIONS; DEFECTS

Domaines: Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

Audrey de Rocca Serra-Nédélec, Thomas Edouard, Karine Tréguera, Mylène Tajan, Toshiyuki Araki, et al.. Noonan syndrome-causing SHP2 mutants inhibit insulin-like growth factor 1 release via growth hormone-induced ERK hyperactivation, which contributes to short stature. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012, 109 (11), pp.4257-4262. ⟨10.1073/pnas.1119803109⟩. ⟨hal-01478074⟩