A. Cuschieri, Whither minimal access surgery: tribulations and expectations, The American Journal of Surgery, vol.169, issue.1, pp.9-19, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9610(99)80104-4

R. Berguer, D. L. Forkey, and W. D. Smith, Ergonomic problems associated with laparoscopic surgery, Surgical Endoscopy, vol.13, issue.5, pp.466-468, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/PL00009635

A. Vereczkei, H. Feussner, T. Negele, F. Fritzsche, T. Seitz et al., Ergonomic assessment of the static stress confronted by surgeons during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Surgical Endoscopy, vol.18, issue.7, pp.1118-1122, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00464-003-9157-y

R. Berguer, Surgical technology and the ergonomics of laparoscopic instruments, Surgical Endoscopy, vol.12, issue.5, pp.458-462, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s004649900705

T. Emam, T. Frank, G. Hanna, and A. Cuschieri, Influence of handle design on the surgeon's upper limb movements, muscle recruitment, and fatigue during endoscopic suturing, Surgical Endoscopy, vol.15, issue.7, pp.667-672, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s004640080141

N. T. Nguyen, H. S. Ho, W. D. Smith, C. Philipps, R. M. Lewis et al., An ergonomic evaluation of surgeons??? axial skeletal and upper extremity movements during laparoscopic and open surgery, The American Journal of Surgery, vol.182, issue.6, pp.720-724, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9610(01)00801-7

U. Matern and P. Waller, Instruments for minimally invasive surgery, Surgical Endoscopy, vol.13, issue.2, pp.174-182, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s004649900934

A. H. Zahraee, B. Herman, and J. Szewczyk, Mechatronic design of a hand-held instrument with active trocar for laparoscopy, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA'11), 2011.

A. H. Zahraee, J. K. Paik, J. Szewczyk, and G. Morel, Toward the Development of a Hand-Held Surgical Robot for Laparoscopy, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol.15, issue.6, pp.853-861, 2010.
DOI : 10.1109/TMECH.2010.2055577

S. Ahmed, G. Hanna, and A. Cuschieri, Optimal Angle Between Instrument Shaft and Handle for Laparoscopic Bowel Suturing, Archives of Surgery, vol.139, issue.1, pp.89-92, 2004.
DOI : 10.1001/archsurg.139.1.89

URL : http://archsurg.jamanetwork.com/data/journals/surg/9563/soa2228.pdf

A. M. Derossis, G. M. Fried, M. Abrahamowicz, H. H. Sigman, J. S. Barkun et al., Development of a Model for Training and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Skills 11This work was supported by an educational grant from United States Surgical Corporation (Auto Suture Canada)., The American Journal of Surgery, vol.175, issue.6, pp.482-487, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9610(98)00080-4

C. G. Cao, C. L. Mackenzie, and S. Payandeh, Task and motion analyses in endoscopic surgery, Proc. ASME/IMECE Annual Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, pp.583-590, 1996.

R. Satava, A. Cuschieri, and J. Hamdorf, Metrics for objective Assessment, Surgical Endoscopy, vol.17, issue.2, pp.220-226, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00464-002-8869-8

J. Huang, S. Payandeh, P. Doris, and I. Hajshirmohammadi, Fuzzy classification: towards evaluating performance on a surgical simulator, Proc. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality (MMVR'05), pp.194-200, 2005.

L. Mcatamney and E. N. Corlett, RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders, Applied Ergonomics, vol.24, issue.2, pp.91-99, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-6870(93)90080-S

J. Person, A. Hodgson, and A. Nagy, Automated high-frequency posture sampling for ergonomic assessment of laparoscopic surgery, Surgical Endoscopy, vol.34, issue.9, pp.997-1003, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/15298668691390377

D. Romilly, C. Anglin, R. Gosine, C. Hershler, and S. Raschke, A functional task analysis and motion simulation for the development of a powered upper-limb orthosis, IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, vol.2, issue.3, pp.119-129, 1994.
DOI : 10.1109/86.331561