Triggered star formation at the borders of the H II region Sh 2-217

J. Brand , F. Massi , Annie Zavagno (1) , L. Deharveng , B. Lefloch

1 LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille

Context. This paper is part of our ongoing study of star formation at the borders of Galactic H II regions. In this paper, we report our observations and analysis of Sharpless 217 (Sh 2-217). Aims. We study the stars and gas in and around H II regions to see if the various physical parameters derived from the data (such as column densities, masses, sizes, and timescales) are consistent with the predictions of a simple model of the collect-and-collapse mechanism. This should indicate whether stars forming in molecular gas at the borders of the H II regions could have been triggered by the expansion of the ionized gas. Methods. We observed the emission of various molecules and transitions towards Sh 2-217, and obtained both near-infrared photometry in the H and K bands, and near-infrared images in [Fe II] and H-2 narrow-band filters of the stars in a molecular condensation at the edge of the H II region, where an UC H II region is also located. For the atomic and ionized hydrogen gas, we used literature data. Results. Several molecular condensations are found on the borders of Sh 2-217 and both behind and in front of the ionized emission. We find signs of star formation (an UC H II region, outflows, and water masers). The masses of the larger molecular condensations, derived from (CO)-C-13-data, are greater than or similar to 330-1100 M-circle dot, while smaller clumps or cores within them have up to several tens of solar masses. The morphology of the atomic and molecular gas associated with Sh 2-217, especially the condensations of molecular gas on its border, and the presence of star forming activity within them, is strongly indicative of it being the result of star formation triggered by the expansion of the ionized region, following the collect-and-collapse scenario. Application of a simple model illustrates that the present radii of both Sh 2-217 and the UC H II region, the masses of the condensations, and the timescales needed to sweep up these amounts of gas and allow massive stars to form in them, are consistent with the model predictions. Conclusions. We show that it is highly plausible that the expansion of Sh 2-217 has swept-up the ambient interstellar medium, and that it has taken about 4 Myr to reach its present radius. About 1 Myr ago, the most massive gas condensation became unstable and produced a cluster of stars. The most massive of these stars gave rise to the UC H II region, which took about 0.5 Myr to reach its present size.

Domaines: Astrophysique [astro-ph]

J. Brand, F. Massi, Annie Zavagno, L. Deharveng, B. Lefloch. Triggered star formation at the borders of the H II region Sh 2-217. Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A, 2011, 527, ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201015389⟩. ⟨hal-01434457⟩