Synchronization and collective swimming patterns in fish ( Hemigrammus bleheri )
Résumé
In this work, we address the case of red nose tetra fish Hemigrammus bleheri swimming in groups in a uniform flow, giving special attention to the basic interactions and cooperative swimming of a single pair of fish. We first bring evidence of synchronisation of the two fish, where the swimming modes are dominated by "out of phase" and "in phase" configurations. We show that the transition to this synchronisation state is correlated with the swimming speed (i.e. the flow rate), and thus with the magnitude of the hydrodynamic pressure generated by the fish body during each swimming cycle. From a careful spatiotemporal analysis corresponding to those synchronised modes, we characterise the distances between the two individuals in a pair in the basic schooling pattern. We test the conclusions of the analysis of fish pairs with a second set of experiments using groups of three fish. By identifying the typical spatial configurations, we explain how the nearest neighbour interactions constitute the building blocks of collective fish swimming.
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