, Analysis Sample preparation was adapted from Ratio of grape powder mass and solvent volume was optimized on grapes showing high proanthocyanidin skin contents, selected from Huang et al. [3] data. Skins were isolated from the grapes and milled with liquid nitrogen with a Mortar Grinder Pulverisette 2 (Fritsch, Idar-Oberstein, Germany). 100 mg of powder were weighed and 500 µL of methanol were immediately added, p.30
, France) hyphenated to a triple quadrupole (QqQ) TQD mass spectrometer (Waters, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France) operating in MRM mode with electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive ion mode. The diode array detection (DAD) spectra were recorded in the range of 210?600 nm (resolution 1.2 nm). The UPLC system included a binary pump, a cooled autosampler maintained at 7 ? C and equipped with a 5-µL sample loop, a 100-µL syringe and a 30-µL needle, and a DAD. MassLynx software was used to control the instruments and to acquire the data and TargetLynx software was used to process the data. The column used for chromatographic separation was a reversed, MS analyses were carried out using an Acquity UPLC system
, 2 µm in-line filter and maintained at 40 ? C. The mobile phase consisted of 1% (v/v) formic acid in Milli-Q water (solvent A) and 1% (v/v) formic acid in methanol
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