Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Allocation Model
Résumé
The goal of this paper is to present a methodology for the optimal location of charging stations. The background of the proposed methodology is an adaptation of the Fixed Charge Location problem (1) with the p-Dispersion (2) constraint. More specifically, we adapt a linear model based on these two classical location models. Instead of fixing the charging stations in the demand points, our model focuses on minimizing the total travel cost from the demand point to the charging station location together with the server investment cost. The energy demand was derived from a vehicle consumption model developed as part of the VEHLIB model library (3) (4). The energy consumption was assessed by VEHLIB from realistic trips generated from routing tools and enriched with elevation profile. This effort enables to accurately approximate the actual energy needs taking into account the travel demand derived from the Origin-Destination (OD) household travel survey of the Rhône region. For the validation purposes, a case study was constructed as part of the metropolitan area of Lyon and the associated problem was solved based on various configurations of Electric Vehicles (EV) market penetration rate.