A hybrid metaheuristic for the electric vehicle routing problem with partial charging and nonlinear charging function
Résumé
This paper considers a variant of the electric vehicle routing problem including realistic assumptions about the charging process: the electric vehicle routing problem with partial charging and nonlinear charging function (eVRP-PNL). To tackle this problem, we propose an iterated local search (ILS) enhanced with heuristic concentration (HC). At each iteration of the ILS, a variable-neighborhood descent (VND) procedure with three different local search operators is applied, and the routes of the local optimum are added in a pool of routes. Once the ILS phase is completed, the HC component assembles the final solution from this pool of routes. One original feature of this approach is the use in the VND component of a local search operator which aims at improving the charging decisions on a route (detour to charging stations and amount of energy recharged). The use of this operator implies the solution of a new problem known as the fixed-route vehicle-charging problem (FRVCP) which consists in defining the charging decisions of a fixed-route. We solve the FRVCP by a heuristic and a mixed-integer linear programming formulation. To test our approach, we propose a new 120-instances testbed. The results show a high performance of the proposed hybrid metaheuristic and the importance of making optimal charging decisions on the routes of electric vehicle routing problems.
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