L. G. Anderson, T. Tanhua, G. Björk, S. Hjalmarsson, E. Jones et al., Arctic ocean shelf???basin interaction: An active continental shelf CO2 pump and its impact on the degree of calcium carbonate solubility, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.57, issue.7, pp.869-879, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.012

M. Ardyna, M. Babin, M. Gosselin, E. Devred, S. Bélanger et al., Parameterization of vertical chlorophyll a in the Arctic Ocean: impact of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum on regional, seasonal and annual primary production estimates, Biogeosciences, vol.105194, pp.4383-440410, 2013.

D. G. Barber and J. M. Hanesiak, Meteorological forcing of sea ice concentrations in the southern Beaufort Sea over the period, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, pp.10-1029, 1979.

N. R. Bates, S. B. Moran, D. A. Hansell, and J. Mathis, An increasing CO 2 sink in the Arctic Ocean due to sea-ice loss, Geophys . Res. Lett, pp.10-1029, 2006.

S. Bélanger, M. Babin, and J. Tremblay, Increasing cloudiness in Arctic damps the increase in phytoplankton primary production due to sea ice receding, Biogeosciences, vol.10, issue.6, pp.4087-410110, 2013.
DOI : 10.5194/bg-10-4087-2013-supplement

B. Mustapha, S. B. Bélanger, S. Larouche, and P. , Evaluation of ocean color algorithms in the southeastern Beaufort Sea, Canadian Arctic: New parameterization using SeaWiFS, MODIS, and MERIS spectral bands, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.29, issue.21, pp.535-55610, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2006GL025778

L. Bérard-therriault, M. Poulin, and L. Bossé, Guide d'identification du phytoplancton marin de l'estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent: incluant également certains protozaires, 1999.

P. Bourgain, J. C. Gascard, J. Shi, and J. Zhao, Large-scale temperature and salinity changes in the upper Canadian Basin of the A. Forest et al.: Synoptic evaluation of carbon cycling
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01496011

T. Brey, Population dynamics in benthic invertebrates, A virtual handbook, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 2001.

H. J. Bussey, Microzooplankton herbivory and bacterivory in the North Water Polynya, Thesis (M.Sc.)?Memorial University of Newfoundland, Biology, 2003.

W. Cai, L. Chen, B. Chen, Z. Gao, S. H. Lee et al., Decrease in the CO2 Uptake Capacity in an Ice-Free Arctic Ocean Basin, Decrease in the CO 2 uptake capacity in an ice-free Arctic Ocean basin, pp.556-559, 2010.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1189338

E. Carmack and D. C. Chapman, Wind-driven shelf/basin exchange on an Arctic shelf: The joint roles of ice cover extent and shelf-break bathymetry, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.363, issue.20, pp.10-1029, 1778.
DOI : 10.1029/2003GL017526

E. Carmack and F. Mclaughlin, Towards recognition of physical and geochemical change in Subarctic and Arctic Seas, Progress in Oceanography, vol.90, issue.1-4, pp.90-104, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pocean.2011.02.007

E. C. Carmack and R. W. Macdonald, Oceanography of the Canadian Shelf of the Beaufort Sea: A Setting for Marine Life, ARCTIC, vol.55, issue.5, pp.29-45, 2002.
DOI : 10.14430/arctic733

E. C. Carmack, R. W. Macdonald, J. , and S. , Phytoplankton productivity on the Canadian Shelf of the Beaufort Sea, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.277, pp.37-50, 2004.
DOI : 10.3354/meps277037

D. A. Caron, J. C. Goldman, and T. Fenchel, Protozoan respiration and metabolism, Ecology of marine protozoa, pp.307-322, 1990.

C. A. Chen, T. Huang, Y. Fu, Y. Bai, and X. He, Strong sources of CO2 in upper estuaries become sinks of CO2 in large river plumes, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, vol.4, issue.2, pp.179-185, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cosust.2012.02.003

L. A. Codispoti, V. Kelly, A. Thessen, P. Matrai, S. Suttles et al., Synthesis of primary production in the Arctic Ocean: III. Nitrate and phosphate based estimates of net community production, Progress in Oceanography, vol.110, pp.126-150, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.11.006

Y. Collos and G. Slawyk, 13C and 15N uptake by marine phytoplankton. Ill Interactions in euphotic zone profiles of stratified oceanic areas, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.19, pp.223-231, 1984.
DOI : 10.3354/meps019223

T. L. Connelly, D. Deibel, and C. C. Parrish, Biogeochemistry of near-bottom suspended particulate matter of the Beaufort Sea shelf (Arctic Ocean): C, N, P, ??13C and fatty acids, Continental Shelf Research, vol.43, pp.120-132, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.csr.2012.05.011

J. Crease, The acquisition, calibration and analysis of CTD data Unesco Technical Papers in Marine Science No, Division of Marine Sciences, p.105, 1988.

D. 'errico and J. R. , Understanding Gridfit, http://www.mathworks.com/ matlabcentral/fileexchange/8998-surface-fitting-using-gridfit, 2006.

G. Darnis and L. Fortier, Zooplankton respiration and the export of carbon at depth in the Amundsen Gulf (Arctic Ocean), Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.55, issue.20-21, p.401310, 1029.
DOI : 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.05.006

K. Denman, J. R. Christian, N. Steiner, H. Pörtner, and Y. Nojiri, Potential impacts of future ocean acidification on marine ecosystems and fisheries: current knowledge and recommendations for future research, ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol.68, issue.6, pp.1019-1029, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/icesjms/fsr074

A. Dickson and F. Millero, A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media, Deep-Sea Res, Pt. I, vol.34, pp.1733-1743, 1987.

D. Doxaran, J. Ehn, S. Bélanger, A. Matsuoka, S. Hooker et al., Optical characterisation of suspended particles in the Mackenzie River plume (Canadian Arctic Ocean) and implications for ocean colour remote sensing, Biogeosciences, vol.9, issue.8, pp.3213-322910, 2012.
DOI : 10.5194/bg-9-3213-2012

C. M. Duarte and A. Regaudie-de-gioux, Thresholds of gross primary production for the metabolic balance of marine planktonic communities, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.54, issue.3, pp.1015-1022, 2009.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.2009.54.3.1015

H. W. Ducklow and S. C. Doney, What Is the Metabolic State of the Oligotrophic Ocean? A Debate, Annual Review of Marine Science, vol.5, issue.1, pp.525-53310, 2013.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172331

B. G. Else, T. N. Papakyriakou, R. J. Galley, A. Mucci, M. Gosselin et al., Annual cycles of pCO 2 sw in the southeastern Beaufort Sea: New understandings of air-sea CO 2 exchange in arctic polynya regions, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, vol.117, pp.0-1310, 1029.

B. G. Else, R. J. Galley, B. Lansard, D. G. Barber, K. Brown et al., uptake capacity in the Canada Basin (Arctic Ocean) due to sea ice loss, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.326, issue.5956, pp.1132-1137, 2013.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1174190

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00984553

B. G. Else, T. N. Papakyriakou, M. G. Asplin, D. G. Barber, R. J. Galley et al., exchange in an Arctic Polynya Region, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.35, issue.C3, pp.388-398, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/gbc.20016

T. Fenchel, Respiration in aquatic protists, Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems, pp.47-56, 2005.

C. G. Fichot, K. Kaiser, S. B. Hooker, R. M. Amon, M. Babin et al., Pan-Arctic distributions of continental runoff in the Arctic Ocean, Scientific Reports, vol.9, p.10, 1038.
DOI : 10.1038/srep01053

A. Forest, M. Sampei, H. Hattori, R. Makabe, H. Sasaki et al., Particulate organic carbon fluxes on the slope of the Mackenzie Shelf (Beaufort Sea): Physical and biological forcing of shelf-basin exchanges, Journal of Marine Systems, vol.68, issue.1-2, pp.39-54, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.10.008

A. Forest, J. Tremblay, Y. Gratton, J. Martin, J. Gagnon et al., Biogenic carbon flows through the planktonic food web of the Amundsen Gulf (Arctic Ocean): A synthesis of field measurements and inverse modeling analyses, Progress in Oceanography, vol.91, issue.4, pp.410-436, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pocean.2011.05.002

A. Forest, L. Stemmann, M. Picheral, L. Burdorf, D. Robert et al., Size distribution of particles and zooplankton across the shelf-basin system in Southeast Beaufort Sea: combined results from an Underwater Vision Profiler and vertical net tows, Biogeosciences, vol.95194, pp.1301-132010, 1301.

A. Forest, M. Babin, L. Stemmann, M. Picheral, M. Sampei et al., Ecosystem function and particle flux dynamics across the Mackenzie Shelf Arctic Ocean): an integrative analysis of spatial variability and biophysical forcings, Biogeosciences, vol.105194, pp.2833-286610, 2013.

J. A. Francis and S. J. Vavrus, Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid-latitudes, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.26, issue.15, 1029.
DOI : 10.1002/joc.1301

R. J. Galley, B. Else, S. Prinsenberg, D. Babb, and D. Barber, Summer Sea Ice Concentration, Motion, and Thickness Near Areas of Proposed Offshore Oil and Gas Development in the Canadian, pp.105-116, 2013.

M. Garneau, W. F. Vincent, L. Alonso-saez, Y. Gratton, and C. Lovejoy, Prokaryotic community structure and heterotrophic production in a river-influenced coastal arctic ecosystem, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, vol.42, pp.27-40, 2006.
DOI : 10.3354/ame042027

M. E. Garneau, S. Roy, C. Pedrós-alió, C. Lovejoy, Y. Gratton et al., Seasonal dynamics of bacterial biomass and production in a coastal arctic ecosystem: Franklin Bay, western Canadian Arctic, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.51, issue.18, pp.7-9110, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JC004281

M. A. Goñi, M. B. Yunker, R. W. Macdonald, and T. I. Eglinton, Distribution and sources of organic biomarkers in arctic sediments from the Mackenzie River and Beaufort Shelf, Marine Chemistry, vol.71, issue.1-2, pp.23-51, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00037-2

V. V. Gordeev, Fluvial sediment flux to the Arctic Ocean, Geomorphology, pp.94-104, 2006.

A. L. Grant and S. E. Belcher, Wind-Driven Mixing below the Oceanic Mixed Layer, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.41, issue.8, pp.1556-1575, 2011.
DOI : 10.1175/JPO-D-10-05020.1

L. Guidi, G. A. Jackson, L. Stemmann, J. C. Miquel, M. Picheral et al., Relationship between particle size distribution and flux in the mesopelagic zone, Deep-Sea Res, Pt. I, vol.55, pp.1364-1374, 2008.

C. Haas, S. Hendricks, H. Eicken, and A. Herber, Synoptic airborne thickness surveys reveal state of Arctic sea ice cover, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.33, issue.37, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2010GL042652

R. M. Holmes, A. Aminot, R. Kérouel, B. A. Hooker, and B. J. Peterson, A simple and precise method for measuring ammonium in marine and freshwater ecosystems, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.56, issue.10, pp.1801-180810, 1999.
DOI : 10.1139/f99-128

J. Holte and L. Talley, A New Algorithm for Finding Mixedlayer Depths with Applications to Argo Data and Subantarctic Mode Water Formation, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech, vol.26, pp.10-1175, 1920.

M. A. Janout, J. Hölemann, and T. Krumpen, Cross-shelf transport of warm and saline water in response to sea ice drift on the Laptev Sea shelf, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.6, issue.8, pp.563-57610, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JC900305

L. Kaleschke, C. Lüpkes, T. Vihma, J. Haarpaintner, A. Bochert et al., SSM/I sea ice remote sensing for mesoscale oceanATMosphere interaction analysis Can, J. Remote Sens, vol.27, pp.526-537, 2001.

C. Keeling, S. Piper, R. Bacastow, M. Wahlen, T. Whorf et al., Atmospheric CO 2 and 13 CO 2 Exchange with the Terrestrial Biosphere and Oceans from 1978 to 2000: Observations and Carbon Cycle Implications, in: A History of Atmospheric CO 2 and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems, Denise Dearing, M., and Cerling, T., Ecological Studies, pp.83-113, 2005.

D. Kirchman, Leucine incorporation as a measure of biomass production by heterotrophic bacteria, Handbook of methods in aquatic microbial ecology, pp.509-512, 1993.

D. L. Kirchman, V. Hill, M. T. Cottrell, R. Gradinger, R. R. Malmstrom et al., Standing stocks, production, and respiration of phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in the western Arctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res, pp.1237-1248, 2009.

T. Kobari, M. Kitamura, M. Minowa, H. Isami, H. Akamatsu et al., Impacts of the wintertime mesozooplankton community to downward carbon flux in the subarctic and subtropical Pacific Oceans, Deep-Sea Res, pp.78-88, 2013.

E. A. Kulikov, A. B. Rabinovich, and E. C. Carmack, Barotropic and baroclinic tidal currents on the Mackenzie shelf break in the southeastern Beaufort Sea, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.13, issue.C5, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JC001986

C. Langdon, On the causes of interspecific differences in the growth-irradiance relationship for phytoplankton. II. A general review, Journal of Plankton Research, vol.10, issue.6, pp.1291-1312, 1988.
DOI : 10.1093/plankt/10.6.1291

B. Lansard, A. Mucci, L. A. Miller, R. W. Macdonald, and Y. Gratton, Seasonal variability of water mass distribution in the southeastern Beaufort Sea determined by total alkalinity and ? 18 O, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, pp.10-1029, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00984559

L. Fouest, V. Babin, M. Tremblay, and J. , The fate of riverine nutrients on Arctic shelves, Biogeosciences, vol.105194, issue.10, pp.3661-3677, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01089953

L. Legendre and N. Niquil, Large-scale regional comparisons of ecosystem processes: Methods and approaches, Journal of Marine Systems, vol.109, issue.110, pp.4-21, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.11.021

D. R. Leitch, J. Carrie, D. Lean, R. W. Macdonald, G. A. Stern et al., The delivery of mercury to the Beaufort Sea of the Arctic Ocean by the Mackenzie River, Science of The Total Environment, vol.373, issue.1, pp.178-195, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.041

E. Lewis and D. W. Wallace, CO2SYS-Program developed for the CO2 system calculations, Carbon Dioxide Inf, Anal. Center, 1998.

W. K. Li, F. A. Mclaughlin, C. Lovejoy, and E. C. Carmack, Smallest Algae Thrive As the Arctic Ocean Freshens, Science, vol.326, issue.5952, pp.10-11261179798, 2009.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1179798

H. Link, G. Chaillou, A. Forest, D. Piepenburg, and P. Archambault, Multivariate benthic ecosystem functioning in the Arc- A. Forest et al.: Synoptic evaluation of carbon cycling tic -benthic fluxes explained by environmental parameters in the southeastern Beaufort Sea, Biogeosciences, vol.105194, pp.5911-592910, 2013.

H. Lund, A. Vatter, H. , and J. , Biochemical and Cytological Changes Accompanying Growth and Differentiation in the Roots of Zea mays, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.4, issue.1, pp.87-98, 1958.
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.4.1.87

R. Macdonald and Y. Yu, The Mackenzie Estuary of the Arctic Ocean, pp.91-120, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/698_5_027

R. W. Macdonald, S. M. Solomon, R. E. Cranston, H. E. Welch, M. B. Yunker et al., A sediment and organic carbon budget for the Canadian Beaufort Shelf, Marine Geology, vol.144, issue.4, pp.255-273, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00106-0

C. Magen, G. Chaillou, S. A. Crowe, A. Mucci, B. Sundby et al., Origin and fate of particulate organic matter in the southern Beaufort Sea ??? Amundsen Gulf region, Canadian Arctic, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol.86, issue.1, pp.31-41, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.09.009

J. Martin, J. E. Tremblay, J. Gagnon, G. Tremblay, A. Lapoussière et al., Prevalence, structure and properties of subsurface chlorophyll maxima in Canadian Arctic waters, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.412, pp.69-8410, 2010.
DOI : 10.3354/meps08666

J. Maslanik and J. C. Stroeve, Near-real-time DMSP SSM/I daily polar gridded sea ice concentrations, National Snow and Ice Data Center, 1999.

A. Matsuoka, A. Bricaud, R. Benner, J. Para, R. Sempéré et al., Tracing the transport of colored dissolved organic matter in water masses of the Southern Beaufort Sea: relationship with hydrographic characteristics, Biogeosciences, vol.95194, pp.925-94010, 2012.

A. Matsuoka, S. B. Hooker, A. Bricaud, B. Gentili, and M. Babin, Estimating absorption coefficients of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) using a semi-analytical algorithm for southern Beaufort Sea waters: application to deriving concentrations of dissolved organic carbon from space, Biogeosciences, vol.105194, pp.917-92710, 2013.

F. A. Mclaughlin, E. Carmack, A. Proshutinsky, R. A. Krishfield, C. K. Guay et al., The Rapid Response of the Canada Basin to Climate Forcing: From Bellwether to Alarm Bells, Oceanography, vol.24, issue.3, pp.146-159, 2011.
DOI : 10.5670/oceanog.2011.66

M. G. Mcphee, Intensification of Geostrophic Currents in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, J. Climate, vol.26, pp.3130-3138

C. Mehrbach, Measurement of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure, p.28375, 1957.

S. Menden-deuer and E. J. Lessard, Carbon to volume relationships for dinoflagellates, diatoms, and other protist plankton, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.45, issue.3, pp.569-579, 2000.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0569

G. W. Moore, Decadal variability and a recent amplification of the summer Beaufort Sea High, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.37, issue.1, pp.10-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00382-010-0776-4

N. Morata, P. E. Renaud, S. Brugel, K. A. Hobson, J. et al., Spatial and seasonal variations in the pelagic???benthic coupling of the southeastern Beaufort Sea revealed by sedimentary biomarkers, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.371, pp.47-63, 2008.
DOI : 10.3354/meps07677

J. Morison, R. Kwok, C. Peralta-ferriz, M. Alkire, I. Rigor et al., Changing Arctic Ocean freshwater pathways, Nature, vol.33, issue.7379, pp.481-66, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/nature10705

A. Mucci, B. Lansard, L. A. Miller, and T. N. Papakyriakou, CO 2 fluxes across the air-sea interface in the southeastern Beaufort Sea: Ice-free period, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, pp.10-1029, 2010.

D. Nguyen, R. Maranger, J. Tremblay, and M. Gosselin, Respiration and bacterial carbon dynamics in the Amundsen Gulf, western Canadian Arctic, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.447, issue.7147, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.1038/nature05885

O. 'brien, M. C. Macdonald, R. W. Melling, H. Iseki, and K. , Particle fluxes and geochemistry on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf: Implications for sediment transport and deposition, Cont. Shelf Res, vol.26, pp.41-81, 2006.

O. 'brien, M. C. Melling, H. Pedersen, T. F. Macdonald, and R. W. , The role of eddies and energetic ocean phenomena in the transport of sediment from shelf to basin in the Arctic, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, pp.10-1029, 2011.

M. Ogi and I. G. Rigor, Trends in Arctic sea ice and the role of atmospheric circulation, Atmospheric Science Letters, vol.315, issue.D14, pp.97-101, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/asl2.423

I. Olenina, Biovolumes and size-classes of phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea, 2006.

E. Ortega-retuerta, W. H. Jeffrey, M. Babin, S. Bélanger, R. Benner et al., Carbon fluxes in the Canadian Arctic: patterns and drivers of bacterial abundance, production and respiration on the Beaufort Sea Margin, Biogeosciences, vol.95194, pp.3679-369210, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01253997

J. E. Overland, Meteorology of the Beaufort Sea, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.5, issue.C10, pp.10-1029, 2009.
DOI : 10.1029/2008JC004861

J. E. Overland, J. A. Francis, E. Hanna, and M. Wang, The recent shift in early summer Arctic atmospheric circulation, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.35, issue.19, pp.10-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2008GL034005

C. L. Parkinson and J. C. Comiso, On the 2012 record low Arctic sea ice cover: Combined impact of preconditioning and an August storm, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.40, issue.8, pp.1356-1361, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/grl.50190

T. R. Parsons, D. G. Webb, B. E. Rokeby, M. Lawrence, G. E. Hopky et al., Autotrophic and heterotrophic production in the Mackenzie river/Beaufort Sea estuary, Polar Biology, vol.220, issue.4, pp.261-26610, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00263774

M. Picheral, L. Guidi, L. Stemmann, D. M. Karl, G. Iddaoud et al., The Underwater Vision Profiler 5: An advanced instrument for high spatial resolution studies of particle size spectra and zooplankton, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, vol.8, issue.9, pp.462-473, 2010.
DOI : 10.4319/lom.2010.8.462

R. S. Pickart, L. M. Schulze, G. W. Moore, M. A. Charette, K. R. Arrigo et al., Longterm trends of upwelling and impacts on primary productivity in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, Deep-Sea Res, Pt. I, vol.79, pp.106-121, 2013.

D. Pierrot, C. Neill, K. Sullivan, R. Castle, R. Wanninkhof et al., Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO 2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines, Deep-Sea Res, pp.512-522, 2009.

S. Pineault, J. Tremblay, M. Gosselin, H. Thomas, and E. Shadwick, The isotopic signature of particulate organic C and N in bottom ice: Key influencing factors and applications for tracing the fate of ice-algae in the Arctic Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.160, issue.C7, pp.287-30010, 1029.
DOI : 10.3354/meps160093

P. Raimbault and N. Garcia, Evidence for efficient regenerated production and dinitrogen fixation in nitrogen-deficient waters of the South Pacific Ocean: impact on new and export production estimates, Biogeosciences, vol.5, issue.2, pp.323-338, 2008.
DOI : 10.5194/bg-5-323-2008

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00362737

P. Raimbault, G. Slawyk, B. Coste, and J. Fry, Feasibility of using an automated colorimetric procedure for the determination of seawater nitrate in the 0 to 100 nM range: Examples from field and culture, Marine Biology, vol.167, issue.2, pp.347-351, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01313277

P. Raimbault, F. Diaz, W. Pouvesle, and B. Boudjellal, Simultaneous determination of particulate organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus collected on filters, using a semi-automatic wet-oxidation method, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.180, pp.289-295, 1999.
DOI : 10.3354/meps180289

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00698597

P. Raimbault, W. Pouvesle, F. Diaz, N. Garcia, and R. Sempéré, Wet-oxidation and automated colorimetry for simultaneous determination of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus dissolved in seawater, Marine Chemistry, vol.66, issue.3-4, pp.161-169, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00038-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00699096

P. E. Renaud, N. Morata, W. G. Ambrose, J. J. Bowie, and A. Chiuchiolo, Carbon cycling by seafloor communities on the eastern Beaufort Sea shelf, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol.349, issue.2, pp.248-260, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jembe.2007.05.021

D. Robert, M. Falardeau-côté, K. Suzuki, and L. Fortier, Investigating trophic interactions between laraval Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and their zooplankton prey in the rapidly-warming Beaufort Sea, Proceedings of the 35th Annual Larval Fish Conference, pp.22-26, 2011.

E. Sakshaug, R. Stein, and R. W. Macdonald, Primary and Secondary Production in the Arctic Seas, pp.57-81, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-18912-8_3

A. Sallon, C. Michel, and M. Gosselin, Summertime primary production and carbon export in the coastal Arctic Ocean during the low ice year of, Polar Biol, vol.34, 1989.

M. Sampei, H. Sasaki, R. Makabe, A. Forest, H. Hattori et al., Production and retention of biogenic matter in the southeast Beaufort Sea during 2003???2004: insights from annual vertical particle fluxes of organic carbon and biogenic silica, Polar Biology, vol.26, issue.4, pp.501-511, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s00300-010-0904-y

R. W. Sanders and R. J. Gast, Bacterivory by phototrophic picoplankton and nanoplankton in Arctic waters, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol.82, issue.2, pp.242-253, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01253.x

E. H. Shadwick, H. Thomas, M. Chierici, B. Else, A. Fransson et al., Seasonal variability of the inorganic carbon system in the Amundsen Gulf region of the southeastern Beaufort Sea, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.56, issue.1, pp.303-322, 2011.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0303

S. R. Shah, D. R. Griffith, V. Galy, A. P. Mcnichol, and T. I. Eglinton, Prominent bacterial heterotrophy and sources of 13 Cdepleted fatty acids to the interior Canada Basin, Biogeosciences Discuss, vol.105194, pp.6695-673610, 2013.

Y. Shen, C. G. Fichot, and R. Benner, Dissolved organic matter composition and bioavailability reflect ecosystem productivity in the Western Arctic Ocean, Biogeosciences, vol.9, issue.12, pp.4993-500510, 2012.
DOI : 10.5194/bg-9-4993-2012

I. Simmonds and K. Keay, Extraordinary September Arctic sea ice reductions and their relationships with storm behavior over, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.36, pp.1971510-1029, 1979.

I. Simmonds and I. Rudeva, The great Arctic cyclone of, Geophys. Res. Lett, pp.10-1029, 2012.

D. C. Smith and F. Azam, A simple, economical method for measuring bacterial protein synthesis rates in seawater using 3H- leucine, Mar. Microb. Food Webs, vol.6, pp.107-114, 1992.

P. Sprent and G. R. Dolby, Query: The Geometric Mean Functional Relationship, Biometrics, vol.36, issue.3, pp.547-550, 1980.
DOI : 10.2307/2530224

C. Sweeney, E. Gloor, A. R. Jacobson, R. M. Key, G. Mckinley et al., Constraining global air-sea gas exchange for CO 2 with recent bomb 14 C measurements, Global Biogeochem. Cy, vol.21, pp.201510-1029, 2007.

M. L. Timmermans, A. Proshutinsky, R. A. Krishfield, D. K. Perovich, J. A. Richter-menge et al., Surface freshening in the Arctic Ocean's Eurasian Basin: An apparent consequence of recent change in the wind-driven circulation, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, issue.23, pp.0-0310, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2011JC006975

I. Tolosa, S. Fiorini, B. Gasser, J. Martìn, M. et al., Carbon sources in suspended particles and surface sediments from the Beaufort Sea revealed by molecular lipid biomarkers and compound-specific isotope analysis, Biogeosciences, vol.10, issue.3, pp.2061-208710, 2013.
DOI : 10.5194/bg-10-2061-2013

P. Tréguer, L. Corre, and P. , Manuel d'analyse des sels nutrifs dans l'eau de mer: utilisation de l'Autoanalyzer II Technicon (R), 1975.

J. Tremblay, C. Michel, K. A. Hobson, M. Gosselin, P. et al., Bloom dynamics in early opening waters of the Arctic Ocean, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.51, issue.2, pp.900-912, 2006.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.2006.51.2.0900

J. Tremblay, K. Simpson, J. Martin, L. A. Miller, Y. Gratton et al., Vertical stability and the annual dynamics of nutrients and chlorophyll fluorescence in the coastal, southeast Beaufort Sea, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.17, issue.19, pp.7-9010, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JC004547

A. Forest, Synoptic evaluation of carbon cycling
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00920253

J. Tremblay, P. Raimbault, N. Garcia, B. Lansard, and J. Gagnon, Impact of river discharge, upwelling and vertical mixing on nutrient loading and productivity of the Mackenzie Shelf, Biogeosciences Discuss, vol.105194, pp.16675-1671210, 2013.

C. Vallières, L. Retamal, P. Ramlal, C. L. Osburn, and W. F. Vincent, Bacterial production and microbial food web structure in a large arctic river and the coastal Arctic Ocean, Journal of Marine Systems, vol.74, issue.3-4, pp.756-773, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.002

D. Vaqué, Ò. Guadayol, F. Peters, J. Felipe, L. Angel-ripoll et al., Seasonal changes in planktonic bacterivory rates under the ice-covered coastal Arctic Ocean, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.53, issue.6, pp.2427-2438, 2008.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.2008.53.6.2427

J. C. Vermaire, M. F. Pisaric, J. R. Thienpont, C. Mustaphi, C. J. Kokelj et al., Arctic climate warming and sea ice declines lead to increased storm surge activity, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.22, issue.7, pp.1386-1390, 2013.
DOI : 10.1029/2011GL048681

J. E. Vonk, P. J. Mann, S. Davydov, A. Davydova, R. G. Spencer et al., High biolability of ancient permafrost carbon upon thaw, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.312, issue.11, pp.2689-2693, 2013.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1128908

R. Weiss and B. Price, Nitrous oxide solubility in water and seawater, Marine Chemistry, vol.8, issue.4, pp.347-359, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4203(80)90024-9

R. F. Weiss, Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas, Marine Chemistry, vol.2, issue.3, pp.203-215, 1974.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4203(74)90015-2

W. J. Williams and E. C. Carmack, Combined effect of wind-forcing and isobath divergence on upwelling at Cape Bathurst, Beaufort Sea, Journal of Marine Research, vol.66, issue.5, pp.645-66310, 2008.
DOI : 10.1357/002224008787536808

W. J. Williams, E. C. Carmack, K. Shimada, H. Melling, K. Aagaard et al., Joint effects of wind and ice motion in forcing upwelling in Mackenzie Trough, Beaufort Sea, Continental Shelf Research, vol.26, issue.19, pp.2352-2366, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.csr.2006.06.012

M. Yamamoto-kawai, F. A. Mclaughlin, E. C. Carmack, S. Nishino, and K. Shimada, Aragonite Undersaturation in the Arctic Ocean: Effects of Ocean Acidification and Sea Ice Melt, Science, vol.326, issue.5956, pp.1098-110010, 2009.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1174190

J. Zhang, R. Lindsay, A. Schweiger, and M. Steele, The impact of an intense summer cyclone on 2012 Arctic sea ice retreat, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.39, issue.5, pp.720-726, 2013.
DOI : 10.1029/2012GL053545