Sequential Monitoring of Water Distribution Network
Résumé
Monitoring drinking water is a public health problem because water is essential for human life. A typical modern drinking water distribution system includes a water purification plant, water towers, water tanks, pumps and pipes. Many procedures are developed for monitoring water quality in water treatment plants. Monitoring of water distribution systems has received less attention.
The goal of this paper is to study the problem of drinking water safety by ensuring the monitoring of the distribution network from water tower to private residences. The proposed approach is based on the observation of residual chlorine concentrations which are provided by sensors network. By using the hydraulic model, it is possible to compute the nominal residuals chlorine concentrations under assumption that quality of the water at the water tower output is known. If a significant reduction of the residual chlorine concentrations is observed then it can be interpreted as presence of a dangerous water contamination. This event should be detected as reliable as possible provided an acceptable detection delay and false alarm rate. The traditional abrupt change detection theory is well developed in the case when the duration of the post-change mode is infinite. Unfortunately, in the discussed case the transient signal duration is short. Hence, the usage of traditional change detection algorithm is compromised.
A criterion based on the minimization of the missed detection probability provided that the false alarm rate is upper bounded is used in the paper. A suboptimal detection algorithm is designed. The theoretical analysis and the results of simulation are provided.