M. Allen, P. Prusinkiewicz, and T. Dejong, Using L-Systems for Modeling the Architecture and Physiology of Growing Trees: The L-PEACH Model, New Phytol, vol.166, 2005.

P. Aphalo and C. Ballare, On the Importance of Information-Acquiring Systems in Plant-Plant Interactions, Functional Ecology, vol.9, issue.1, pp.5-14, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/2390084

D. Barthélémy, C. , and Y. , Plant Architecture: A Dynamic, Multilevel and Comprehensive Approach to Plant Form, Structure and Ontogeny, Annals of Botany, vol.99, issue.3, pp.375-407, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/aob/mcl260

D. Bayer, S. Seifert, and H. Pretzsch, Structural crown properties of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica [L.]) in mixed versus pure stands revealed by terrestrial laser scanning, Trees, vol.28, issue.11/12, pp.1035-1047, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s00468-013-0854-4

R. Beyer, O. Etard, P. Cournède, and P. Laurent-gengoux, Modeling spatial competition for light in plant populations with the porous medium equation, Journal of Mathematical Biology, vol.63, issue.3, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s00285-014-0763-1

J. Bouchon, P. De-reffye, and P. Barthélémy, Modélisation et Simulation de L'architecture des Végétaux, 1997.

M. Chelle and B. Andrieu, Modelling the Light Environment of Virtual Crop Canopies, Funct. Struct. Plant Model. Crop Product, vol.22, pp.75-89, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/1-4020-6034-3_7

P. Cournède, A. Mathieu, F. Houllier, D. Barthélémy, and P. De-reffye, Computing Competition for Light in the GREENLAB Model of Plant Growth: A Contribution to the Study of the Effects of Density on Resource Acquisition and Architectural Development, Annals of Botany, vol.101, issue.8, pp.1207-1219, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/aob/mcm272

C. Deleuze and F. Houllier, A flexible radial increment taper equation derived from a process-based carbon partitioning model, Annals of Forest Science, vol.59, issue.2, pp.141-154, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:2002001

L. Dupuy, P. Gregory, and A. Bengough, Root growth models: towards a new generation of continuous approaches, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol.61, issue.8, pp.2131-2143, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/jxb/erp389

P. Fu, R. , and P. , Design and implementation of the Solar Analyst: an ArcView extension for modeling solar radiation at landscape scales, Proceedings of the 19th Annual ESRI User Conference, 1999.

R. Grote and H. Pretzsch, A Model for Individual Tree Development Based on Physiological Processes, Plant Biology, vol.14, issue.11, pp.167-180, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3800(95)00123-9

F. Hallé, R. Oldeman, and P. Tomlinson, Tropical Trees and Forests, pp.10-1007, 1978.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-81190-6

W. Kurth and B. Sloboda, Tree and stand architecture and growth described by formal grammars. II. Sensitive trees and competition, J. Forest Sci, vol.45, pp.53-63, 1999.

V. Letort, P. Cournède, A. Mathieu, P. De-reffye, and T. Constant, ), Functional Plant Biology, vol.35, issue.10, pp.951-963, 1071.
DOI : 10.1071/FP08065

J. Monteith, Light interception and radiative exchange in crop stands, " in Physiological Aspects of Crop Yield, pp.89-111, 1969.

J. Monteith, Climate and the Efficiency of Crop Production in Britain [and Discussion], Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.281, issue.980, 1977.
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.1977.0140

Y. Nouvellon, A. Begue, M. Moran, D. Seen, S. Rambal et al., PAR extinction in shortgrass ecosystems: effects of clumping, sky conditions and soil albedo, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.105, issue.1-3, pp.21-41, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00194-5

A. Okubo, L. , and S. , Diffusion and Ecological Problems, Modern Perspectives, 2nd Edn. Berlin; Heidelberg, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4757-4978-6

C. Oliver and B. Larson, Forest stand dynamies, 1990.

E. Page, A. Gerwitz, J. Bf00017252-perttunen, R. Sievänen, and E. Nikinmaa, Mathematical models, based on diffusion equations, to describe root systems of isolated plants, row crops, and swards, Plant and Soil, vol.217, issue.2, pp.243-254, 1974.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00017252

J. Perttunen, R. Sievänen, E. Nikinmaa, H. Salminen, H. Saarenmaa et al., LIGNUM: A Tree Model Based on Simple Structural Units, Annals of Botany, vol.77, issue.1, pp.87-980011, 1996.
DOI : 10.1006/anbo.1996.0011

S. Pouderoux, C. Deleuze, and J. Dhôte, Analyse du rendement des houppiers dans un essai d'???claircie de h???tre gr???ce ??? un mod???le ??? base ???cophysiologique, Annals of Forest Science, vol.58, issue.3, pp.261-275, 2001.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:2001125

H. Pretzsch, Modellierung der kronenkonkurrenz von fichte und buche in rein-und mischbeständen, Allgemeine Forst-und Jagdzeitung, vol.163, pp.203-213, 1992.

D. Purves, J. Lichstein, and S. Pacala, Crown Plasticity and Competition for Canopy Space: A New Spatially Implicit Model Parameterized for 250 North American Tree Species, PLoS ONE, vol.200, issue.9, 2007.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0000870.s006

P. Raumonen, M. Kaasalainen, M. Akerblom, S. Kaasalainen, H. Kaartinen et al., Fast Automatic Precision Tree Models from Terrestrial Laser Scanner Data, Remote Sensing, vol.5, issue.2, pp.491-520, 2013.
DOI : 10.3390/rs5020491

V. Reddy and Y. Pachepsky, Testing a Convective-dispersive Model of Two-dimensional Root Growth and Proliferation in a Greenhouse Experiment with Maize Plants, Annals of Botany, vol.87, issue.6, pp.759-768, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/anbo.2001.1409

M. Ryan and B. Yoder, Hydraulic Limits to Tree Height and Tree Growth, BioScience, vol.47, issue.4, pp.235-242, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/1313077

J. Schmidt and R. Wulff, Light spectral quality, phytochrome and plant competition, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.8, issue.2, pp.46-51, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-5347(93)90157-K

K. Shinozaki, K. Yoda, K. Hozumi, K. , and T. , A quantitative analysis of plant form -the pipe model theory I. Basic Analysis, Japan. J. Ecol, vol.14, pp.97-105, 1964.

R. Sievänen, J. Perttunen, E. Nikinmaa, and P. Kaitaniemi, Toward extension of a single tree functional???structural model of Scots pine to stand level: effect of the canopy of randomly distributed, identical trees on development of tree structure, Functional Plant Biology, vol.35, issue.10, pp.964-975, 1071.
DOI : 10.1071/FP08077

H. Sinoquet, G. Sonohat, J. Phattaralerphong, and C. Godin, Foliage randomness and light interception in 3-D digitized trees: an analysis from multiscale discretization of the canopy, Plant, Cell and Environment, vol.7, issue.9, pp.1158-1170, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02417-3

M. Sonntag, Effect of morphological plasticity on leaf area distribution, single tree, and forest stand dynamics, Bayreuther Forum Ökologie, vol.52, pp.205-222, 1996.

K. Sorrensen-cothern, E. Ford, and D. Sprugel, A Model of Competition Incorporating Plasticity through Modular Foliage and Crown Development, Ecological Monographs, vol.63, issue.3, pp.277-304, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/2937102

F. Sterck, F. Schieving, A. Lemmens, and T. Pons, Performance of trees in forest canopies: explorations with a bottom-up functional-structural plant growth model, New Phytologist, vol.24, issue.3, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01342.x

A. Takenaka, A simulation model of tree architecture development based on growth response to local light environment, Journal of Plant Research, vol.139, issue.3, pp.321-330, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02344260

E. Toro, Riemann Solvers and Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics. Berlin; Heidelberg, pp.10-1007, 2009.

M. Tyree, A dynamic model for water flow in a single tree: evidence that models must account for hydraulic architecture, Tree Physiology, vol.4, issue.3, pp.195-217, 1988.
DOI : 10.1093/treephys/4.3.195

M. Tyree and M. Zimmermann, Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap, 2nd Edn. Berlin; Heidelberg, 2002.

W. Wang, Z. Li, and H. Su, Comparison of leaf angle distribution functions: Effects on extinction coefficient and fraction of sunlit foliage, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.143, issue.1-2, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.12.003

H. Yan, M. Kang, P. De-reffye, and M. Dingkuhn, A Dynamic, Architectural Plant Model Simulating Resource-dependent Growth, Annals of Botany, vol.93, issue.5, pp.591-602, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/aob/mch078

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00122497