Towards the integration of somatic embryogenesis in Larix breeding program: from understanding the developmental pathway to clonal propagation
Résumé
Advances in plant biotechnology offer new opportunities in the field of plant propagation. Development of clonal propagation method, such as somatic embryogenesis has potentially numerous applications such as the production of a large number of genetically improved plants and the amenability of embryogenic cultures to cryogenie storage. Since the 90's, INRA engaged researches on somatic embryogenesis in hybrid larch species (Larix x eurolepis, Larix x marschlinsii). lndeed, compared to the parental species, the hybrids are known for
their remarkable vigour as weil as for their superior stem form and site adaptation (Pâques 1992). Several improvements and simplifications of somatic embryogenesis protocol were developed at all steps including initiation, cryopreservation, maturation and plant recovery. The improved procedure for somatic embryogenesis of Larix species leads to well-synchronised somatic embryo development. Mature cotyledonary SE most closely resemble zygotic embryo counterpart (anatomy, proteins content). [br/]
Among conifer species, somatic embryogenesis of Larix is becoming a model; its integration in a breeding programme is now undertaken for clonal propagation of improved material of hybrid larch Larix x eurolepis (Lelu-Walter and Pâques 2009). lndeed, we believe that somatic embryogenesis should influence breeding strategies by offering an alternative tool for accelerated production of plants for genotype evaluation through clonal testing; in addition, cryoconservation allows keeping juvenility of material and its production at any time. Requirements for the effective integration of somatic embryogenesis into the larch breeding programme are presented.
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