Analysis of a time-dependent problem of mixed migration and population dynamics
Résumé
In this work, we consider a system of differential equations modeling the dynamics of some populations of preys and predators, moving in space according to rapidly oscillating time-dependent transport terms, and interacting with each other through a Lotka-Volterra term. These two contributions naturally induce two separated time-scales in the problem. A generalized center manifold theorem is derived to handle the situation where the linear terms are depending on the fast time in a periodic way. The resulting equations are then amenable to averaging methods. As a product of these combined techniques, one obtains an autonomous differential system in reduced dimension whose dynamics can be analyzed in a much simpler way as compared to original equations. Strikingly enough, this system is of Lotka-Volterra form with modified coefficients. Besides, a higher order perturbation analysis allows to show that the oscillations on the original model destabilize the cycles of the averaged Volterra system in a way that can be explicitely computed.