R. Abedini, C. B. Pourtahmasi, K. Laurans, F. Arnould, and O. , Cell wall thickening in developing tension wood of artificially bent poplar trees, IAWA J, vol.36, pp.44-57, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01229277

B. Albinssona, S. Lib, S. Lundquistb, K. Stombergc, and R. , The origin of lignin fluorescence, Journal of Molecular Structure, vol.508, issue.1-3, pp.19-27, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-2860(98)00913-2

T. Alméras and M. Fournier, Biomechanical design and long-term stability of trees: Morphological and wood traits involved in the balance between weight increase and the gravitropic reaction, Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol.256, issue.3, pp.370-381, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.10.011

T. Alméras, J. Gril, and C. B. , The origin of maturation stress in tension wood: using a wide range of observations and mechanical considerations to discriminate between hypothetic mechanisms, 7th plant biomechanics international conference Eds. Moulia B, Fournier M, p.258, 2012.

T. Alméras, A. Thibaut, and J. Gril, Effect of circumferential heterogeneity of wood maturation strain, modulus of elasticity and radial growth on the regulation of stem orientation in trees, Trees, vol.18, issue.4, pp.457-467, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s00468-005-0407-6

R. Archer, Growth stresses and strains in trees, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-02511-6

S. Chang, C. B. Ruelle, J. Beauchene, J. , D. Renzo et al., Mesoporosity as a new parameter for understanding tension stress generation in trees, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol.60, issue.11, pp.3023-3053, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/jxb/erp133
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00387861

S. Chang, F. Quignard, T. Almeras, and C. B. , Mesoporosity changes from cambium to mature tension wood: a new step toward the understanding of maturation stress generation in trees, New Phytologist, vol.291, issue.3, pp.1277-87, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/nph.13126
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01081834

S. Chang, L. Salmen, A. Olsson, and C. B. , Deposition and organisation of cell wall polymers during maturation of poplar tension wood by FTIR microspectroscopy, Planta, vol.32, issue.1, pp.243-54, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s00425-013-1980-3

B. Clair, T. Almeras, G. Pilate, D. Jullien, J. Sugiyama et al., Maturation stress generation in poplar tension wood studied by synchrotron radiation microdiffraction, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00597183

B. Clair, T. Alméras, H. Yamamoto, T. Okuyama, and J. Sugiyama, Mechanical Behavior of Cellulose Microfibrils in Tension Wood, in Relation with Maturation Stress Generation, Biophysical Journal, vol.91, issue.3, pp.1128-1137, 2006.
DOI : 10.1529/biophysj.105.078485
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00112572

B. Clair, J. Gril, K. Baba, T. B. Sugiyama, and J. , Precautions for the Structural Analysis of the Gelatinous Layer in Tension Wood, IAWA Journal, vol.26, issue.2, pp.189-195, 2005.
DOI : 10.1163/22941932-90000110
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004517

B. Clair, J. Gril, D. Renzo, F. Yamamoto, H. Quignard et al., Characterization of a Gel in the Cell Wall To Elucidate the Paradoxical Shrinkage of Tension Wood, Biomacromolecules, vol.9, issue.2, pp.494-498, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/bm700987q

B. Clair, J. Ruelle, J. Beauchêne, M. Prévost, F. Djimbi et al., Tension wood 35 and opposite wood in 21 tropical rain forest species. 1. Occurrence and efficiency of the G-layer, IAWA J, vol.27, pp.329-338, 2006.

B. Clair, T. B. Sugiyama, and J. , On the detachment of the gelatinous layer in tension wood fiber, Journal of Wood Science, vol.51, issue.3, pp.218-221, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10086-004-0648-9
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004516

C. Coutand, M. Fournier, and B. Moulia, The Gravitropic Response of Poplar Trunks: Key Roles of Prestressed Wood Regulation and the Relative Kinetics of Cambial Growth versus Wood Maturation, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol.144, issue.2, pp.1166-1180, 2007.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.106.088153
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01080861

C. Coutand, G. Pot, and E. Badel, Mechanosensing is involved in the regulation of autostress levels in tension wood, Trees, vol.182, issue.3, pp.687-697, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s00468-014-0981-6

H. Dadswell and A. Wardrop, The Structure and Properties of Tension Wood, Holzforschung, vol.9, issue.4, pp.97-104, 1955.
DOI : 10.1515/hfsg.1955.9.4.97

K. Fagerstedt, E. Mellerowicz, T. Gorshkova, K. Ruel, and J. Joseleau, Cell Wall Polymers in Reaction Wood, pp.37-106, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-10814-3_3
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01017613

C. Fang, C. B. Gril, J. Alméras, and T. , Transverse shrinkage in G-fibers as a function of cell wall layering and growth strain, Wood Science and Technology, vol.56, issue.8, pp.659-671, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00226-007-0148-3
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00194930

C. Fang, C. B. Gril, J. Liu, and S. , Growth Stresses are Highly Controlled by the Amount of G-Layer in Poplar Tension Wood, IAWA Journal, vol.29, issue.3, pp.237-246, 2008.
DOI : 10.1163/22941932-90000183
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00339066

C. Fang, D. Guibal, C. B. Gril, J. Lu, Y. Liu et al., cv. ???Lux??? ex I-69/55), Annals of Forest Science, vol.51, issue.3, pp.307-308, 2008.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:2008008
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00883369

J. Fisher and J. Stevenson, Occurrence of Reaction Wood in Branches of Dicotyledons and Its Role in Tree Architecture, Botanical Gazette, vol.142, issue.1, pp.82-95, 1981.
DOI : 10.1086/337199

M. Fournier, T. Alméras, C. B. Gril, and J. , Biomechanical action and biological 20 functions, pp.139-170, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-10814-3_5
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01452085/document

M. Fournier, J. Dlouha, G. Jaouen, and T. Almeras, Integrative biomechanics for tree ecology: beyond wood density and strength, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol.64, issue.15, pp.4793-815, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/jxb/ert279
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00909904

M. Ageeva, S. Amenitskii, T. Chernova, and S. Chemikosova, Specific type of secondary cell wall formed by plant fibers, Rus J Plant Physiol, vol.57, pp.328-341, 2010.

C. Grünwald, K. Ruel, Y. Kim, and U. Schmitt, On the Cytochemistry of Cell Wall Formation in Poplar Trees, Plant Biology, vol.43, issue.1, pp.13-21, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s002260100085

G. Jaouen, T. Alméras, C. Coutand, and M. Fournier, How to determine sapling buckling risk with only a few measurements, American Journal of Botany, vol.94, issue.10, pp.1583-1593, 2007.
DOI : 10.3732/ajb.94.10.1583
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032059

B. Jourez, C. Vaianopoulos, and J. Hébert, cv ?Ghoy?), Annals of Forest Science, vol.60, issue.8, pp.789-802, 2003.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:2003074
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00883754

K. Lundquist, B. Josefsson, and G. Nyquist, Analysis of Lignin Products by Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Holzforschung, vol.32, issue.1, pp.27-32, 1978.
DOI : 10.1515/hfsg.1978.32.1.27

E. Mellerowicz, P. Immerzeel, and T. Hayashi, Xyloglucan: The Molecular Muscle of Trees, Annals of Botany, vol.102, issue.5, pp.659-665, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/aob/mcn170

F. Onaka, Studies on compression and tension wood Wood research : bulletin of the Wood Research, pp.1-88, 1949.

G. Pilate, B. Chabbert, B. Cathala, A. Yoshinaga, J. Leplé et al., Lignification and tension wood, Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol.327, issue.9-10, pp.889-901, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crvi.2004.07.006
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00306768

R. Ct, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing

J. Ruelle, Analyse de la diversité du bois de tension de 3 espèces d'angiospermes de forêt tropicale humide de Guyane Française, p.291, 2006.

J. Ruelle, J. Beauchêne, A. Thibaut, and T. B. , Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of tension and opposite wood from ten tropical rainforest trees from different species, Annals of Forest Science, vol.64, issue.5, pp.503-510, 2007.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:2007027
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032110

J. Ruelle, C. B. Beauchêne, J. Prévost, M. Fournier, and M. , Tension Wood and Oppositewood in 21 Tropical Rain Forest Species, IAWA Journal, vol.27, issue.4, pp.341-376, 2006.
DOI : 10.1163/22941932-90000159

J. Ruelle, H. Yamamoto, and T. B. , Growth stresses and cellulose structural parameters in tension and normal wood from three tropical rainforest angiosperm species, BioRes, vol.2, pp.235-251, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01031799

C. Schneider, W. Rasband, and K. Eliceiri, NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis, Nature Methods, vol.42, issue.7, pp.671-676, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/nmeth.2089

L. Scrucca, Model-based SIR for dimension reduction, Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, vol.55, issue.11, pp.3010-3026, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.csda.2011.05.006

K. Takabe, M. Fujita, H. Harada, and H. Saiki, Lignification process of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) tracheids. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, pp.813-820, 1981.

H. Yamamoto, K. Abe, Y. Arakawa, T. Okuyama, and J. Gril, Role of the gelatinous layer (G-layer) on the origin of the physical properties of the tension wood of Acer sieboldianum, Journal of Wood Science, vol.51, issue.3, pp.222-233, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10086-004-0639-x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004591

M. Yoshida, Y. Hosoo, and T. Okuyama, Periodicity as a factor in the generation of isotropic compressive growth stress between microfibrils in cell wall formation during a 35 twenty-four hour period, Holzforschung, vol.54, pp.469-473, 2000.

M. Yoshida, H. Ohta, and T. Okuyama, Tensile growth stress and lignin distribution in the cell walls of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Journal of Wood Science, vol.54, issue.1, pp.99-105, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00767285

M. Yoshida, T. Okuda, and T. Okuyama, Kitamura, Annals of Forest Science, vol.57, issue.8, pp.739-746, 2000.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:2000156
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00883418

A. Yoshinaga, H. Kusumoto, F. Laurans, G. Pilate, and K. Takabe, Lignification in poplar tension wood lignified cell wall layers, Tree Physiology, vol.32, issue.9, pp.1129-1165, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/treephys/tps075
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01267980

R. Zhong and Z. Ye, Secondary Cell Walls: Biosynthesis, Patterned Deposition and Transcriptional Regulation, Plant and Cell Physiology, vol.56, issue.2, pp.195-214, 2015.
DOI : 10.1093/pcp/pcu140