D. A. Bowman, E. Kruijff, and J. J. , Laviola and I. Poupyrev Eds., 3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice, p.512, 2004.

M. R. Mine, Working in a Virtual World: Interaction Techniques Used in the Chapel Hill Immersive Modeling Program, 1996.

R. Passini, Wayfinding in Architecture, p.228, 1992.

J. D. Boeck, C. Raymaekers, and K. Coninx, Are Existing Metaphors in Virtual Environments SuiTable for Haptic Interaction, Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Virtual Reality ({VRIC} 2005), pp.261-268, 2005.

C. Ware and D. R. Jessome, Using the bat: a six-dimensional mouse for object placement, Proceedings on Graphics interface '88, pp.119-124, 1988.
DOI : 10.1109/38.20319

C. Ware and S. Osborne, Exploration and virtual camera control in virtual three dimensional environments, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, vol.24, issue.2, pp.175-183, 1990.
DOI : 10.1145/91394.91442

D. A. Bowman, D. Koller, and L. F. Hodges, A methodology for the evaluation of travel techniques for immersive virtual environments, Virtual Reality, vol.302, issue.2, pp.120-131, 1998.
DOI : 10.1162/pres.1994.3.2.145

J. D. Boeck, E. Cuppens, T. De-weyer, C. Raymaekers, and K. Coninx, Multisensory interaction metaphors with haptics and proprioception in virtual environments, Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction , NordiCHI '04, pp.189-197, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/1028014.1028043

R. A. Ruddle, S. J. Payne, and D. Jones, Navigating buildings in "desk-top" virtual environments: Experimental investigations using extended navigational experience., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, vol.3, issue.2, 1997.
DOI : 10.1037/1076-898X.3.2.143

R. A. Ruddle, S. J. Payne, and D. M. Jones, Navigating Large-Scale Virtual Environments: What Differences Occur Between Helmet-Mounted and Desk-Top Displays?, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.8, issue.2, pp.157-168, 1999.
DOI : 10.1162/105474698565640

P. N. Wilson, N. Foreman, R. Gillett, and D. Stanton, The effect of landmarks on route-learning in a computer-simulated environment, Journal of Environmental, vol.14, pp.305-313, 1997.

F. Gaunet, V. Vidal, A. Kemeny, and A. Berthoz, Active, passive and snapshot exploration in a virtual environment: influence on scene memory, reorientation and path memory, Cognitive Brain Research, vol.11, issue.3, pp.409-420, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0926-6410(01)00013-1

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00539008

V. Scribante, Impact de deux facteurs d'influence sur l'acquisition des connaissances spatiales, 2000.

A. Carassa, G. Geminiani, F. Morganti, and . D. Varotto, Route and survey descriptions of paths: The effect of experience of a large-scale environment, Bulletin of People-Environment Studies, 2002.

N. G. Vinson, Design guidelines for landmarks to support navigation in virtual environments, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems the CHI is the limit, CHI '99, pp.278-285, 1999.
DOI : 10.1145/302979.303062

URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/0304001

R. A. Ruddle, S. J. Payne, and D. M. Jones, Navigating Large-Scale ???Desk-Top??? Virtual Buildings: Effects of Orientation Aids and Familiarity, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.7, issue.2, pp.179-192, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.1996.0060

D. A. Bowman, D. B. Ohnson, and L. F. Hodges, Testbed evaluation of virtual environment interaction techniques, VRST '99: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology, pp.26-33, 1999.
DOI : 10.1162/105474601750182333

URL : http://vtopus.cs.vt.edu/~bowman/papers/testbed_presence.pdf

T. J. Dodds and R. A. Ruddle, Using teleporting, awareness and multiple views to improve teamwork in collaborative virtual environments, EGVE'08, pp.81-88, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cag.2009.01.001

URL : http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/royr/publications/computerGraphics-virtualTime-2009.pdf

T. J. Dodds and R. A. Ruddle, Mobile Group Dynamics in Large-Scale Collaborative Virtual Environments, 2008 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, pp.59-66, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/VR.2008.4480751

URL : http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4948/1/mgd-vr08.pdf

R. A. Ruddle, S. J. Payne, and D. M. Jones, The effects of maps on navigation and search strategies in very-large-scale virtual environments., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, vol.5, issue.1, pp.54-75, 1999.
DOI : 10.1037/1076-898X.5.1.54

R. P. Darken and J. L. Sibert, Navigating large virtual spaces, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, vol.23, issue.1, pp.49-71, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0010-0285(80)90006-7

URL : http://www.npsnet.org/~darken/publications/navigating.pdf

M. Gerhard, D. J. Moore, and D. J. Hobbs, Continuous Presence in Collaborative Virtual Environments: Towards a Hybrid Avatar-Agent Model for User Representation, The Third International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents, pp.137-15509, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-44812-8_12

M. Garau, M. Slater, V. Vinayagamoorthy, A. Brogni, A. Steed et al., The impact of avatar realism and eye gaze control on perceived quality of communication in a shared immersive virtual environment, Proceedings of the conference on Human factors in computing systems , CHI '03, pp.529-536, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/642611.642703

J. N. Bailenson, K. Swinth, C. Hoyt, S. Persky, A. Dimov et al., The Independent and Interactive Effects of Embodied-Agent Appearance and Behavior on Self-Report, Cognitive, and Behavioral Markers of Copresence in Immersive Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.14, issue.4, pp.379-393, 2005.
DOI : 10.1162/105474600566600

M. Slater, A. Sadagic, M. Usoh, and R. Shroeder, Small-Group Behaviour in a Virtual and Real Environment: A comparative Study, 2000.
DOI : 10.1162/105474600566600

J. S. Casanueva and E. H. Blake, Small Group Experiments in Collaborative Virtual Environments, 2000.

D. Roberts, R. Wolff, O. Otto, and A. Steed, Constructing a Gazebo: Supporting Teamwork in a Tightly Coupled, Distributed Task in Virtual Reality, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.1434, issue.6, pp.644-657, 2003.
DOI : 10.1162/105474600566989

M. Pinho, D. A. Bowman, and C. Freitas, Cooperative object manipulation in immersive virtual environments, Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology , VRST '02, pp.171-178, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/585740.585769

R. A. Ruddle, J. C. Savage, and D. M. Jones, Verbal communication during cooperative object manipulation, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Collaborative virtual environments , CVE '02, pp.120-127, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/571878.571897

R. A. Ruddle, J. C. Savage, and D. M. Jones, Symmetric and asymmetric action integration during cooperative object manipulation in virtual environments, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol.9, issue.4, pp.285-308, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/586081.586084

URL : http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/royr/publications/tochi-v9-4-2002.pdf

A. Schafer and A. Bowman, Evaluating the effects of frame of reference on spatial collaboration using desktop collaborative virtual environments, Virtual Reality, vol.7, issue.3-4, pp.164-174, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s10055-004-0123-3

H. Yang and G. M. Olson, Exploring collaborative navigation:, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Collaborative virtual environments , CVE '02, pp.135-142, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/571878.571899

J. Hindmarsh, M. Fraser, C. Heath, S. Benford, and C. Greenhalgh, Object-focused interaction in collaborative virtual environments, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol.7, issue.4, pp.477-509, 2000.
DOI : 10.1145/365058.365088

URL : http://www.crg.computer-science.nottingham.ac.uk/~sdb/research/downloadable papers/object focused interaction.pdf

H. Nakanishi, C. Yoshida, T. Nishimura, and T. Ishida, FreeWalk: A three-dimensional meeting place for communities, 1998.

E. L. Sallnas, Effects of Communication Mode on Social Presence, Virtual Presence, and Performance in Collaborative Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.1, issue.6, pp.434-449, 2005.
DOI : 10.1162/105474698565686

C. Greenhalgh and S. Benford, MASSIVE: a collaborative virtual environment for teleconferencing, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol.2, issue.3, pp.239-261, 1995.
DOI : 10.1145/210079.210088

J. Bowers, J. Pycock, and J. O-'brien, Talk and embodiment in collaborative virtual environments, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems common ground, CHI '96, pp.58-65, 1996.
DOI : 10.1145/238386.238404

F. Biocca, C. Harms, and J. Gregg, The Networked Minds measure of social presence: Pilot test of the factor structure and concurrent validity, Presence, pp.9-11, 2001.

J. Brooke, System Usability Scale

E. Van-wyk and R. De-villiers, Usability context analysis for virtual reality training in South African mines, Proceedings of the 2008 annual research conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists on IT research in developing countries riding the wave of technology, SAICSIT '08, pp.276-285, 2008.
DOI : 10.1145/1456659.1456691

A. Lund, Introduction To the USE Questionnaire, 1998.

J. Hofmann and H. Bubb, 16 Presence in Industrial Virtual Environment Applications ? Susceptibility and Measurement Reliability

J. Short, E. Williams, and B. Christie, The Social Psychology of Telecommunications, Contemporary Sociology, vol.7, pp.32-33, 1978.

M. Singer and B. Witmer, Presence : Where are we now, Design of Computing Systems : Social and Ergonomic Considerations, pp.885-888, 1997.

R. Ruth, Social presence as presentation of self, Eighteenth Annual International Workshop: Presence, 2005.