R. Aller, The effects of macrobenthos on chemical properties of marine sediment and overlying water (eds) Animal?sediment relations, pp.53-102, 1982.

R. Almeda, Z. Wambaugh, Z. Wang, C. Hyatt, Z. Liu et al., Interactions between Zooplankton and Crude Oil: Toxic Effects and Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PLoS ONE, vol.320, issue.11, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0067212.t005

C. Alonso-alvarez, C. Perez, and A. Velando, Effects of acute exposure to heavy fuel oil from the Prestige spill on a seabird, Aquatic Toxicology, vol.84, issue.1, pp.103-110, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.06.004

F. Arimoro, R. Ikomi, and E. Osalor, The impact of sawmill wood wastes on the water quality and fish communities of Benin River, Int J Sci Technol, vol.2, issue.1, pp.1-12, 2007.

S. Arndt, B. Jørgensen, D. Larowe, J. Middelburg, R. Pancost et al., Quantifying the degradation of organic matter in marine sediments: A review and synthesis, Earth-Science Reviews, vol.123, pp.53-86, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.02.008

R. Aston, Field and Experimental Studies on the Effects of a power station effluent on tubificidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida), Hydrobiologia, vol.120, issue.2, pp.225-242, 1973.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb01678.x

J. Baker, The effects of oils on plants, Environmental Pollution (1970), vol.1, issue.1, pp.27-44, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-9327(70)90004-2

K. Banse, K. Hobson, G. Banta, and O. Andersen, Benthic errantiate polychaetes of British Columbia and Washington (No. 185). Fisheries and Marine Service Bioturbation and the fate of sediment pollutants, Vie Milieu, vol.111, issue.53, pp.233-248, 1974.

T. Belan, Benthos abundance pattern and species composition in conditions of pollution in Amursky Bay (the Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan), Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.46, issue.9, pp.1111-1119, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00242-X

J. Bellas, L. Saco-Álvarez, O. Nieto, J. Bayona, J. Albaigés et al., Evaluation of artificially-weathered standard fuel oil toxicity by marine invertebrate embryogenesis bioassays, Chemosphere, vol.90, issue.3, pp.1103-1108, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.015

J. Bertrand, P. Bonin, M. Goutx, and G. Mille, Biosurfactant production by marine microorganisms. Potential application to fighting hydrocarbon marine pollution, J Mar Biotechnol, vol.1, pp.125-129, 1993.

G. Bilyard, The value of benthic infauna in marine pollution monitoring studies, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.18, issue.11, pp.581-585, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0025-326X(87)90277-3

J. Blake and E. Ruff, Intertidal invertebrates from California to Oregon, pp.309-410, 2007.

A. Blanchard, M. Howard, and D. Shaw, Long-term investigation of benthic fauna and the influence of treated ballast water disposal in Port Valdez, Alaska, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.44, issue.5, pp.367-382, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00246-6

S. Bolam, Burial survival of benthic macrofauna following deposition of simulated dredged material, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol.54, issue.4, pp.13-27, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s10661-010-1809-5

P. Bonin and J. Bertrand, Involvement of bioemulsifier in heptadecane uptake in Pseudomonas nautica, Chemosphere, vol.38, pp.1157-1164, 1999.

A. Borja and D. Dauer, Assessing the environmental quality status in estuarine and coastal systems: Comparing methodologies and indices, Ecological Indicators, vol.8, issue.4, pp.331-337, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.05.004

R. Brinkhurst, B. Jamieson, K. Carman, J. Fleeger, and S. Pomarico, Aquatic Oligochaeta of the world Does historical exposure to hydrocarbon contamination alter the response of benthic communities to diesel contamination?, Mar Environ Res, vol.860, issue.49, pp.255-278, 1971.

M. Christensen, G. Banta, and O. Andersen, Effects of the polychaetes Nereis diversicolor and Arenicola marina on the fate and distribution of pyrene in sediments, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.237, pp.159-172, 2002.
DOI : 10.3354/meps237159

M. Comendatore, J. Esteves, and J. Colombo, Hydrocarbons in Coastal Sediments of Patagonia, Argentina: Levels and Probable Sources, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.40, issue.11, pp.989-998, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00042-4

M. Commendatore and J. Esteves, An Assessment of Oil Pollution in the Coastal Zone of Patagonia, Argentina, Environmental Management, vol.Natural, issue.5, pp.814-821, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-9697(92)90188-X

M. Commendatore, M. Nievas, O. Amin, and J. Esteves, Sources and distribution of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments from the Ushuaia Bay (Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia, Argentina), Marine Environmental Research, vol.74, pp.20-31, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.11.010

P. Cuny, G. Miralles, V. Cornet-barthaux, M. Acquaviva, G. Stora et al., Influence of bioturbation by the polychaete Nereis diversicolor on the structure of bacterial communities in oil contaminated coastal sediments, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.54, issue.4, pp.452-459, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.12.008

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00171096

P. Cuny, C. Cravo-laureau, V. Grossi, F. Gilbert, and C. Militon, Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in bioturbated marine sediments. Microbial bioremediation of non-metals: Current Research, pp.55-92, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00657077

T. Dalton and J. D. , Extent and frequency of vessel oil spills in US marine protected areas, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.60, issue.11, pp.1939-1945, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.036

J. Dargay and D. Gately, World oil demand???s shift toward faster growing and less price-responsive products and regions, Energy Policy, vol.38, issue.10, pp.6261-6277, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.06.014

D. Dauer, Biological criteria, environmental health and estuarine macrobenthic community structure, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.26, issue.5, pp.249-257, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0025-326X(93)90063-P

J. Dauvin and T. Ruellet, Polychaete/amphipod ratio revisited, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.55, issue.1-6, pp.215-224, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.08.045

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00481551

J. Dauvin, G. Bellan, and D. Bellan-santini, Benthic indicators: From subjectivity to objectivity ??? Where is the line?, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.60, issue.7, pp.947-953, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.03.028

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00664358

R. Di-leonardo, A. Bellanca, L. Capotondi, A. Cundy, and R. Neri, Possible impacts of Hg and PAH contamination on benthic foraminiferal assemblages: An example from the Sicilian coast, central Mediterranean, Science of The Total Environment, vol.388, issue.1-3, pp.168-183, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.009

E. Duport, F. Gilbert, J. Poggiale, K. Dedieu, C. Rabouille et al., Benthic macrofauna and sediment reworking quantification in contrasted environments in the Thau Lagoon, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol.72, issue.3, pp.522-533, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.11.018

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00151560

B. Echols, A. Smith, P. Gardinali, and G. Rand, Acute aquatic toxicity studies of Gulf of Mexico water samples collected following the Deepwater Horizon incident (May 12, 2010 to December 11, 2010), Chemosphere, vol.120, pp.131-137, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.048

M. Engraff, C. Solere, K. Smith, P. Mayer, and I. Dahllöf, Aquatic toxicity of PAHs and PAH mixtures at saturation to benthic amphipods: Linking toxic effects to chemical activity, Aquatic Toxicology, vol.102, issue.3-4, pp.142-149, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.01.009

J. Esteves, M. Commendatore, M. Nievas, M. Paletto, V. Amín et al., Hydrocarbon pollution in coastal sediments of Tierra del Fuego Islands, Patagonia Argentina, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.52, issue.5, pp.582-590, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.02.015

J. Fleeger, K. Carman, and R. Nisbet, Indirect effects of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, Science of The Total Environment, vol.317, issue.1-3, pp.207-233, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00141-4

F. François, M. Gerino, G. Stora, J. Durbec, and J. Poggiale, Functional approach to sediment reworking by gallery-forming macrobenthic organisms: modeling and application with the polychaete Nereis diversicolor, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.229, pp.127-136, 2002.
DOI : 10.3354/meps229127

S. Gamito, Three main stressors acting on the Ria Formosa lagoonal system (Southern Portugal): Physical stress, organic matter pollution and the land???ocean gradient, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol.77, issue.4, pp.710-720, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.11.013

F. Gilbert, L. Rivet, and J. Bertrand, The in vitro influence of the burrowing polychaete Nereis diversicolor on the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine sediments, Chemosphere, vol.29, issue.1, pp.1-12, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90084-1

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00784341

F. Gilbert, G. Stora, and J. Bertrand, In situ bioturbation and hydrocarbon fate in an experimental contaminated Mediterranean coastal ecosystem, Chemosphere, vol.33, issue.8, pp.1449-1458, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-6535(96)00283-4

F. Gilbert, G. Stora, G. Desrosiers, B. Deflandre, J. Bertrand et al., Alteration and release of aliphatic compounds by the polychaete Nereis virens (Sars) experimentally fed with hydrocarbons, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol.256, issue.2, pp.199-213, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00317-8

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00763824

F. Gilbert, S. Hulth, and R. Aller, The influence of macrofaunal burrow spacing and diffusive scaling on sedimentary nitrification and denitrification: An experimental simulation and model approach, Journal of Marine Research, vol.61, issue.1, pp.101-125, 2003.
DOI : 10.1357/002224003321586426

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00780276

F. Gilbert, S. Hulth, and V. Grossi, Sediment reworking by marine benthic species from the Gullmar Fjord (Western Sweden): Importance of faunal biovolume, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol.348, issue.1-2, pp.133-144, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jembe.2007.04.015

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00170982

F. Gilbert, G. Stora, and P. Cuny, Functional response of an adapted subtidal macrobenthic community to an oil spill: macrobenthic structure and bioturbation activity over time throughout an 18-month field experiment, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol.82, issue.20, pp.10-1007, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s11356-014-3906-4

G. Gesteira, J. Dauvin, and J. , Amphipods are Good Bioindicators of the Impact of Oil Spills on Soft-Bottom Macrobenthic Communities, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.40, issue.11, pp.1017-1027, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00046-1

G. Gesteira, J. Dauvin, and J. , Impact of the Aegean Sea oil spill on the subtidal fine sand macrobenthic community of the Ares-Betanzos Ria (Northwest Spain), Marine Environmental Research, vol.60, issue.3, pp.289-316, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.11.001

G. Egres, A. Martins, C. Oliveira, V. , C. Lana et al., Effects of an experimental in situ diesel oil spill on the benthic community of unvegetated tidal flats in a subtropical estuary (Paranagu?? Bay, Brazil), Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.64, issue.12, pp.2681-2691, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.10.007

J. González, F. Figueiras, M. Aranguren-gassis, B. Crespo, E. Fernández et al., Effect of a simulated oil spill on natural assemblages of marine phytoplankton enclosed in microcosms, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol.83, issue.3, pp.265-276, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.04.001

M. Granberg, R. Hansen, and H. Selck, Relative importance of macrofaunal burrows for the microbial mineralization of pyrene in marine sediments: impact of macrofaunal species and organic matter quality, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.288, pp.59-74, 2005.
DOI : 10.3354/meps288059

V. Grossi, D. Massias, G. Stora, and J. Bertrand, Burial, exportation and degradation of acyclic petroleum hydrocarbons following a simulated oil spill in bioturbated Mediterranean coastal sediments, Chemosphere, vol.48, issue.9, pp.947-954, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00122-4

R. Hale, M. Mavrogordato, T. Tolhurst, and M. Solan, Characterizations of how species mediate ecosystem properties require more comprehensive functional effect descriptors, Scientific Reports, vol.82, issue.4, 2014.
DOI : 10.1038/srep06463

T. Haney and J. Martin, A new genus and species of leptostracan (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Phyllocarida) from Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, and a review of leptostracan genera, Journal of Natural History, vol.38, issue.4, pp.447-469, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/0022293021000033210

O. Hartman, Atlas of the errantiate polychaetous annelids from California, 1968.

O. Hartman, Atlas of the sedentariate polychaetous annelids from California Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California Effects of a crude oil and an oil dispersant (Corexit 9527) on population of the littleneck clam (Protothaca stamined), Mar Environ Res, vol.6, pp.291-306, 1969.

I. Head, D. Jones, and W. Röling, Marine microorganisms make a meal of oil, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.308, issue.3, pp.173-182, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nrmicro1348

J. Hedman, J. Gunnarsson, G. Samuelsson, and F. Gilbert, Particle reworking and solute transport by the sediment-living polychaetes Marenzelleria neglecta and Hediste diversicolor, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol.407, issue.2, pp.294-301, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.06.026

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00780265

D. Holdway, The acute and chronic effects of wastes associated with offshore oil and gas production on temperate and tropical marine ecological processes, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.44, issue.3, pp.185-203, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00197-7

J. Je, T. Belan, C. Levings, and B. Koo, Changes in benthic communities along a presumed pollution gradient in Vancouver Harbour, Marine Environmental Research, vol.57, issue.1-2, pp.121-135, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0141-1136(03)00064-3

M. Kennish, . Crc, E. Boca-raton-kristensen, G. Penha-lopes, M. Delefosse et al., Practical handbook of estuarine and marine pollution What is bioturbation? The need for a precise definition for fauna in aquatic sciences, Mar Ecol Prog Ser, vol.446, pp.285-302, 1997.

E. Kristensen, M. Delefosse, C. Quintana, M. Flindt, and T. Valdemarsen, Influence of benthic macrofauna community shifts on ecosystem functioning in shallow estuaries, Frontiers in Marine Science, vol.29, p.41, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/0077-7579(92)90077-R

W. Kruskal and W. Wallis, Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis, Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol.3, issue.260, pp.583-621, 1952.
DOI : 10.1080/01621459.1952.10483441

L. Lee and H. Lin, Effects of an oil spill on benthic community production and respiration on subtropical intertidal sandflats, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.73, issue.1, pp.291-299, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.05.006

R. Lee and D. Page, Petroleum hydrocarbons and their effects in subtidal regions after major oil spills, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.34, issue.11, pp.928-940, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(97)00078-7

L. Lu, The relationship between soft-bottom macrobenthic communities and environmental variables in Singaporean waters, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.51, issue.8-12, pp.1034-1040, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.02.013

L. Lu and R. Wu, A field experimental study on recolonization and succession of macrobenthic infauna in defaunated sediment contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol.68, issue.3-4, pp.627-634, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.03.011

R. Marino, M. Commendatore, M. Sepúlveda, V. Bucalá, and M. Nievas, Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon of the soluble fraction in oil water using microextraction in solid phase with CG, 2012.

M. Paletto, V. Commendatore, M. Esteves, and J. , Hydrocarbon levels in sediments and bivalve mollusks from Bah??a Nueva (Patagonia, Argentina): An assessment of probable origin and bioaccumulation factors, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.56, issue.12, pp.2100-2105, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.08.026

F. Mermillod-blondin and R. Rosenberg, Ecosystem engineering: the impact of bioturbation on biogeochemical processes in marine and freshwater benthic habitats, Aquatic Sciences, vol.68, issue.4, pp.434-442, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00027-006-0858-x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00157673

E. Michaud, G. Desrosiers, F. Mermillod-blondin, B. Sundby, and G. Stora, The functional group approach to bioturbation: II. The effects of the Macoma balthica community on fluxes of nutrients and dissolved organic carbon across the sediment???water interface, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol.337, issue.2, pp.178-189, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.06.025

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00164107

G. Miralles, V. Grossi, M. Acquaviva, R. Duran, J. Bertrand et al., Alkane biodegradation and dynamics of phylogenetic subgroups of sulfate-reducing bacteria in an anoxic coastal marine sediment artificially contaminated with oil, Chemosphere, vol.68, issue.7, pp.1327-1334, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.01.033

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00171086

M. Miserendino and L. Pizzolon, Macroinvertebrates of a fluvial system in Patagonia: altitudinal zonation and functional structure, Arch Hydrobiol, vol.150, issue.1, pp.55-83, 2000.

P. Muniz, N. Venturini, A. Pires-vanin, L. Tommasi, and Á. Borja, Testing the applicability of a Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) to assessing the ecological quality of soft-bottom benthic communities, in the South America Atlantic region, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.50, issue.6, pp.624-637, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.01.006

R. National and . Council, Oil in the sea III: inputs, fates, and effects Survey of the activities related with the oil exploitation in the patagonian coastal zone and preliminary data about waste of hydrocarbon in harbors, Patagonia Natural Foundation, pp.1-74, 2003.

C. Ocon, A. Capitulo, and A. Paggi, Evaluation of zoobenthic assemblages and recovery following petroleum spill in a coastal area of R??o de la Plata estuarine system, South America, Environmental Pollution, vol.156, issue.1, pp.82-89, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.035

D. Penry and D. Weston, ]pyrene and phenanthrene bioaccumulation by a deposit-feeding polychaete, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.15, issue.11, pp.2254-2265, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/etc.5620171116

M. Peso-aguiar, D. Smith, R. Assis, L. Santa-isabel, S. Peixinho et al., Effects of petroleum and its derivatives in benthic communities at, Aquat Ecosyst Health Manag, vol.3, pp.459-470, 2000.

J. Picard, Qualitative research on marine biotic communities of dragables soft substrates of the Marseille region, Collect Work Mar Station Endoume, vol.36, pp.1-160, 1965.

L. Pischedda, J. Poggiale, P. Cuny, and F. Gilbert, Imaging Oxygen Distribution in Marine Sediments. The Importance of Bioturbation and Sediment Heterogeneity, Acta Biotheoretica, vol.101, issue.1???2, pp.123-135, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10441-008-9033-1

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00256326

L. Pischedda, P. Cuny, J. Esteves, J. Poggiale, and F. Gilbert, Spatial oxygen heterogeneity in a Hediste diversicolor irrigated burrow, Hydrobiologia, vol.49, issue.5, pp.109-124, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s10750-011-0907-x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00780258

B. Poulton, E. Callahan, R. Hurtubise, and B. Mueller, Effects of an oil spill on leafpack-inhabiting macroinvertebrates in the Chariton River, Missouri, Environmental Pollution, vol.99, issue.1, pp.115-122, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00160-7

A. Puente, J. Juanes, G. Calderón, B. Echavarri-erasun, A. García et al., Medium-term assessment of the effects of the Prestige oil spill on estuarine benthic communities in Cantabria (Northern Spain, Bay of Biscay), Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.58, issue.4, pp.487-495, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.12.010

C. Quintana, M. Tang, and E. Kristensen, Simultaneous study of particle reworking, irrigation transport and reaction rates in sediment bioturbated by the polychaetes Heteromastus and Marenzelleria, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol.352, issue.2, pp.392-406, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jembe.2007.08.015

D. Rhoads, P. Mccall, and J. Yingst, Disturbance and Production on the Estuarine Seafloor: Dredge-spoil disposal in estuaries such as Long Island Sound can be managed in ways that enhance productivity rather than diminish it, Am Sci, pp.577-586, 1978.

M. Rivero, R. Elías, and E. Vallarino, First survey of macroinfauna in the Mar del Plata Harbor (Argentina), and the use of polychaetes as pollution indicators, Revista de biolog??a marina y oceanograf??a, vol.40, issue.2, pp.101-108, 2005.
DOI : 10.4067/S0718-19572005000200002

D. Roccatagliata, I. Chiesa, and M. Raffo, On the occurrence of the genus Paranebalia (Crustacea: Phyllocarida: Leptostraca) in northern Patagonia, Gómez Simes E Zootaxa, vol.2349, pp.65-68, 2010.

J. Rueda, A. Camacho, F. Mezquita, R. Hernández, and J. Roca, Effect of episodic and regular sewage discharges on the water chemistry and macroinvertebrate fauna of a Mediterranean stream, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol.140, issue.1/4, pp.425-444, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1020190227581

F. Ruiz, M. Abad, A. Bodergat, P. Carbonel, J. Rodriguez-lazaro et al., Marine and brackish-water ostracods as sentinels of anthropogenic impacts, Earth-Science Reviews, vol.72, issue.1-2, pp.89-101, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.003

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00178793

J. Seo, M. Kim, H. Lim, and J. Choi, The macrofaunal communities in the shallow subtidal areas for the first 3years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.82, issue.1-2, pp.208-220, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.008

S. Siegel, N. Castellan, . Ag, A. Ruggiero, M. Anello et al., Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences The benthic community structure in mountain ponds affected by livestock watering in nature reserves of central Italy, Proc Int Assoc Theor Appl Limnol, vol.27, pp.1-5, 1988.

A. Spormann and F. Widdel, Metabolism of alkylbenzenes, alkanes, and other hydrocarbons in anaerobic bacteria, Biodegradation, vol.11, issue.2/3, pp.85-105, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1011122631799

M. Stauffert, C. Cravo-laureau, R. Jézéquel, S. Barantal, and P. Cuny, Impact of Oil on Bacterial Community Structure in Bioturbated Sediments, PLoS ONE, vol.105, issue.6, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0065347.s014

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00867612

L. Thibodeaux and V. Bierman, The bioturbation driven chemical release process, Environ Sci Tecnol, pp.252-258, 2003.

K. Timmermann, J. Christensen, and G. Banta, Modeling of advective solute transport in sandy sediments inhabited by the lugworm <I>Arenicola marina</I>, Journal of Marine Research, vol.60, issue.1, pp.151-169, 2002.
DOI : 10.1357/002224002762341285

K. Timmermann, G. Banta, A. Johnsen, and O. Andersen, Effects of the polychaetes Arenicola marina and Nereis diversicolor on microbial pyrene mineralization, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, vol.50, pp.197-207, 2008.
DOI : 10.3354/ame01162

K. Timmermann, G. Banta, L. Klinge, and O. Andersen, Effects of bioturbation on the fate of oil in coastal sandy sediments ??? An in situ experiment, Chemosphere, vol.82, issue.10, pp.1358-1366, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.077

U. Ioc, Reference methods and technical bulletins for marine pollution studies UNESCO, 1992.

C. Van-colen, F. Rossi, F. Montserrat, M. Andersson, B. Gribsholt et al., Organism-Sediment Interactions Govern Post-Hypoxia Recovery of Ecosystem Functioning, PLoS ONE, vol.42, issue.76, p.49795, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0049795.s005

N. Venturini, P. Muniz, M. Bícego, C. Martins, and L. Tommasi, Petroleum contamination impact on macrobenthic communities under the influence of an oil refinery: Integrating chemical and biological multivariate data, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol.78, issue.3, pp.457-467, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.01.008

D. Weston and L. Mayer, In vitro digestive fluid extraction as a measure of the bioavailability of sediment-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Sources of variation and implications for partitioning models, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.129, issue.5, pp.820-829, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/etc.5620170509

F. Wiese and P. Ryan, The extent of chronic marine oil pollution in southeastern Newfoundland waters assessed through beached bird surveys 1984???1999, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.46, issue.9, pp.1090-1101, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00250-9

O. Yu, H. Lee, W. Shim, M. Kim, and H. Park, Initial impacts of the Hebei Spirit oil spill on the sandy beach macrobenthic community west coast of Korea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.70, issue.1-2, pp.189-196, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.02.035

N. Zabbey and H. Uyi, Community responses of intertidal soft-bottom macrozoobenthos to oil pollution in a tropical mangrove ecosystem, Niger Delta, Nigeria, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.82, issue.1-2, pp.167-174, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.002