Adult stem cells in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of pigs differing in body composition

Marie-Hélène Perruchot (1) , Louis Lefaucheur (1) , Florence Gondret (1) , Isabelle Louveau (1)

1 PEGASE - Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes]

The control of body composition is of the upmost importance for animal production. It is now recognized that adult stem cells are essential for tissue homeostasis. The current study was undertaken to determine whether changes in the relative proportion of muscle and adipose tissue mass in pigs are controlled by the plasticity of adult stem ce Ils. Between 10 and 20 weeks of age, 24 Large White barrows from two tines divergent ly selected for residual feed intake (RFI), an indicator of feed effi ciency, were fed ad libitum either a high-starch (LF) diet or a high-fatlhigh-fiber (HF) diet (n=6 per tine and diet). At 20 weeks of age, stroma-vascular cells were isolated by collagenase treatment from subcutaneous adipose tissue and longissimus muscle. Cell immuno-phenotypes were then detem1ined by flow cytometry using cell surface markers (CD34, CD56 and CD90). lnespective of diet, low RF! pigs were leaner than high RFI pigs. ln the two tines, pigs fed the HF diet exhibited a reduced body fatness compared with pigs fed the LF diet. Whatever the experimental group considered, adipose and muscle cells were predominantly positive for CD 56 (muscle precursor marker) and CD90 (mesenchymal stem ce li marker) markers. Ce Ils expressing the CD34 hematopoietic stem cell marker were identified in muscle but not in adipose tissue. The proportion of CD90+ and CD 56+ cells in adipose tissue did not differ between the experimental groups. ln muscle, the proportion ofCD34+ cells was higher (P<0.005), whereas that ofCD90+ cells was lower (P<0.005) in the low than in the high RF! pigs, whatever the di et. The cun·ent study indicates thal divergent selection for RF! in growing pigs had strongly affected the relative proportions of adult stem cell populations in skeletal muscle but not in adipose tissue. Altogether, there is no simple relationship between the prop011ion of adult stem cells and body adiposity.

Domaines: Sciences agricoles; Alimentation et Nutrition; Biologie animale; Biologie du développement

Marie-Hélène Perruchot, Louis Lefaucheur, Florence Gondret, Isabelle Louveau. Adult stem cells in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of pigs differing in body composition. 65. Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), Aug 2014, Copenhague, Denmark. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, 20, 2014, Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production. ⟨hal-01210672⟩