Fattening performance, metabolic indicators, and muscle composition of bulls fed fiber-rich versus starch-plus-lipid-rich concentrate diets

Marie-Madeleine Mialon (1) , Gilles Renand (2) , Isabelle Ortigues Marty (1) , Dominique Bauchart (1) , Jean-François J.-F. Hocquette (1) , Luc Mounier (1) , Thierry Noël (3) , Didier Micol (1) , Michel Doreau (1)

1 UMRH - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213
2 GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative
3 BOURGES - Domaine expérimental Bourges-La Sapinière

The aim of this study was to compare the responses in fattening performance and meat composition for high-concentrate diets rich in either starch and lipids (especially omega-3 fatty acids) or fibrous by-products. A total of 140 Charolais bulls (initially 319 ± 27 kg BW) were allocated to 3 high-concentrate diets and were fattened for up to 18 mo. The diet treatments included concentrate mixtures rich in either fiber (FR; n = 56) or starch plus linseed (diets SL and SLR; n = 56 and n = 28, respectively) and barley straw. The concentrate mix was offered ad libitum in SL and FR diets but was kept isoenergetic to the FR diet in the SLR diet. Bulls were weighed every 15 d. Feed intake was measured daily. Carcass composition was assessed for all animals slaughtered at 699 ± 65 kg BW. Meat nutritional quality traits (e.g., fat content and fatty acid composition focusing on n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) were measured on the longissimus thoracis, rectus abdominis, and semitendinosus muscles. Metabolic enzyme activity (phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome-c oxidase) was measured on these muscles and on liver. The SL diet bulls had greater fattening performance, BW gain (P = 0.006), and efficiency for growth (P = 0.025) at an energy intake similar to that of FR diet bulls. They also had heavier carcasses with a greater proportion of fat. However, liver samples showed no difference in specific metabolic activity. Compared to bulls fed the SL diet, bulls fed SLR consumed 15% less energy and had lower BW gain (P < 0.001) but were slightly more efficient for growth (P = 0.010). They had lower carcass weight but a greater muscle-to-fat ratio. Compared to bulls fed the FR diet, SLR bulls had lower than planned NEg intake and lower BW gain but did not have differences in body composition. Compared to the FR diet, the SL diet led to a greater omega-3 fatty acid content because of a greater supply of dietary linoleic acid, especially in lean muscle.

Mots clés: bull fattening; carcass composition; energy; fatty acids; metabolism

Domaines: Alimentation et Nutrition; Sciences agricoles

Marie-Madeleine Mialon, Gilles Renand, Isabelle Ortigues Marty, Dominique Bauchart, Jean-François J.-F. Hocquette, et al.. Fattening performance, metabolic indicators, and muscle composition of bulls fed fiber-rich versus starch-plus-lipid-rich concentrate diets. Journal of Animal Science, 2015, 93 (1), pp.319-33. ⟨10.2527/jas.2014-7845⟩. ⟨hal-01194029⟩