K. Kashefi and D. R. Lovley, Extending the upper temperature limit for life, Science, vol.301, issue.5635, pp.934-934, 2003.

N. R. Pace, The universal nature of biochemistry, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.98, issue.3, pp.805-808, 2001.

K. R. Kerry, D. R. Grace, R. Williams, and H. R. Burton, Studies on some saline lakes of the Vestfold Hills, pp.839-858, 1977.

H. Tominaga and F. Fukui, Saline lakes in Syowa Oasis, Antarctica. Hydrobiologia, vol.82, issue.3, pp.375-389, 1981.

A. E. Murray, F. Kenig, C. H. Fritsen, C. P. Mckay, and K. M. Cawley, Microbial life at 213uC in the brine of an ice-sealed Antarctic lake, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.109, issue.50, pp.20626-20631, 2012.

B. Schroeter, T. Green, L. Kappen, and R. D. Seppelt, Carbon dioxide exchange at subzero temperatures: field measurements in Umbilicaria aprina in Antarctica, Cryptogamic Botany, vol.4, issue.2, pp.233-241, 1994.

M. A. Collins and R. K. Buick, Effect of temperature on the spoilage of stored peas by Rhodotorula glutinis, Food Microbiology, vol.6, issue.3, pp.135-141, 1989.

E. M. Rivkina, E. I. Friedmann, C. P. Mckay, and D. Gilichinsky, Metabolic activity of permafrost bacteria below the freezing point, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.66, issue.8, pp.3230-3233, 2000.

B. M. Jakosky, H. Nk, C. Bakermans, R. E. Ley, and M. T. Mellon, Subfreezing activity of microorganisms and the potential habitability of Mars' polar regions, Astrobiology, vol.3, issue.2, pp.343-350, 2003.

S. A. Benner, Defining life, Astrobiology, vol.10, issue.10, pp.1021-1030, 2010.

J. Von-neumann, Cerebral mechanisms in behavior; the Hixon symposium, pp.1-41, 1951.

H. J. Morowitz, Foundations of bioenergetics, vol.344, 1978.

P. W. Hochachka and G. N. Somero, Biochemical adaptation: mechanism and process in physiological evolution, vol.466, 2002.

A. Tanghe, P. Van-dijk, and J. M. Thevelein, Determinants of freeze tolerance in microorganisms, physiological importance and biotechnological applications, Advances in Applied Microbiology, vol.54, pp.129-176, 2003.

H. M. Mader, M. E. Pettitt, J. L. Wadham, E. W. Wolff, and R. J. Parkes, Subsurface ice as a microbial habitat, Geology, vol.34, issue.3, pp.169-172, 2006.

P. Mazur, Principles of cryobiology, Life in the frozen state, pp.3-65, 2004.

G. L. Rapatz, L. J. Menz, and B. J. Luyet, Freezing process in biological materials, pp.147-148, 1966.

F. Fonseca, M. Marin, and G. J. Morris, Stabilization of frozen Lactobacillus bulgaricus in glycerol suspensions: freezing kinetics and storage temperature effects, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.72, issue.10, pp.6474-6482, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02663860

S. Seki, F. W. Kleinhans, and P. Mazur, Intracellular ice formation in yeast cells vs. cooling rate: predictions from modelling vs. experimental observations by differential scanning calorimetry, Cryobiology, vol.58, issue.2, pp.157-165, 2009.

D. A. Wharton and D. J. Ferns, Survival of intracellular freezing by the Antarctic nematode Panagrolaimus davidi, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol.198, pp.1381-1387, 1995.

W. D. Schmid, Survival of frogs in low temperature, Science, vol.215, issue.4533, pp.697-698, 1982.

S. R. Leather, K. Walters, and J. S. Bale, The ecology of insect overwintering, vol.255, 1993.

R. S. Pearce, Adaptation of higher plants to freezing, Life in the frozen state, pp.171-203, 2004.

P. G. Debenedetti, Metastable liquids: concepts and principles, vol.411, 1996.

B. Wowk, Thermodynamic aspects of vitrification, Cryobiology, vol.60, issue.1, pp.11-22, 2010.

R. J. Ellis, Macromolecular crowding: obvious but unappreciated, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, vol.26, issue.10, pp.597-604, 2001.

E. H. Zhou, X. Trepat, C. Y. Park, G. Lenormand, and M. N. Oliver, Universal behavior of the osmotically compressed cell and its analogy to the colloidal glass transition, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.106, issue.26, pp.10632-10637, 2009.

G. J. Morris, E. Acton, B. J. Murray, and F. Fonseca, Freezing injury: the special case of the sperm cell, Cryobiology, vol.64, issue.2, pp.71-80, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01564145

J. P. Reid, H. Meresman, L. Mitchem, and R. Symes, Spectroscopic studies of the size and composition of single aerosol droplets, International Reviews in Physical Chemistry, vol.26, issue.1, pp.139-192, 2007.

B. J. Murray, A. E. Haddrell, S. Peppe, J. F. Davies, and J. P. Reid, Glass formation and unusual hygroscopic growth of iodic acid solution droplets with relevance for iodine mediated particle formation in the marine boundary layer, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.12, issue.18, pp.8575-8587, 2012.

T. Koop and B. Zobrist, Parameterizations for ice nucleation in biological and atmospheric systems, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol.11, issue.46, pp.10839-10850, 2009.

A. Kostinski and W. Cantrell, Entropic aspects of supercooled droplet freezing, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.65, issue.9, pp.2961-2971, 2008.

K. J. Clarke and E. A. Leeson, Plasmalemma structure in freezing tolerant unicellular algae, Protoplasma, vol.129, issue.2-3, pp.120-126, 1985.

A. Clarke, E. A. Leeson, and G. J. Morris, The effects of temperature on 86 Rb uptake by two species of Chlamydomonas (Chlorophyta, Chlorophycaea), Journal of Experimental Botany, vol.37, issue.182, pp.1285-1293, 1986.

L. Slade, H. Levine, and J. W. Finley, Protein-water interactions; water as a plasticiser of gluten and other protein polymers, Marcel Dekker, pp.9-124, 1989.

B. S. Chang and C. S. Randall, Use of subambient thermal analysis to optimise protein lyophilisation, Cryobiology, vol.29, issue.5, pp.632-656, 1992.

L. D. Hansen, R. S. Criddle, and E. H. Battley, Biological calorimetry and the thermodynamics of the origination and evolution of life, Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol.81, issue.10, pp.1843-1855, 2009.

P. B. Price and T. Sowers, Temperature dependence of metabolic rates for microbial growth, maintenance, and survival, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.101, issue.13, pp.4631-4636, 2004.

O. Geiges, Microbial processes in frozen food, Advances in Space Research, vol.18, issue.12, pp.109-118, 1996.

J. Weinzirl and A. E. Gerdeman, The bacterial count of ice cream held at freezing temperatures, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.12, pp.182-189, 1929.

A. Hodson, A. M. Anesio, M. Tranter, A. Fountain, and M. Osborn, Glacial ecosystems, Ecological Monographs, vol.78, issue.1, pp.41-67, 2008.

P. B. Price, A habitat for psychrophiles in deep Antarctic ice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.97, issue.3, pp.1247-1251, 2000.

, Life in ancient ice, vol.306, 2005.

R. A. Rohde, P. B. Price, R. C. Bay, and N. E. Bramall, In situ microbial metabolism as a cause of gas anomalies in ice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.105, issue.25, pp.8667-8672, 2008.

N. Takenaka and H. Bandow, Chemical kinetics of reactions in the unfrozen solution of ice, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.111, issue.36, pp.8780-8786, 2007.

N. S. Panikov, P. W. Flanagan, W. C. Oechel, M. A. Mastepanov, and T. R. Christensen, Microbial activity in soils frozen to below 239uC, Soil Biology & Biochemistry, vol.38, pp.785-794, 2006.

B. J. Murray, D. O'sullivan, J. D. Atkinson, and M. E. Webb, Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets, Chemical Society Reviews, vol.41, pp.6519-6554, 2012.

K. A. Hill, P. B. Shepson, E. S. Galbavy, C. Anastasio, and P. S. Kourtev, Processing of atmospheric nitrogen by clouds above a forest environment, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.112, issue.D11, p.11301, 2007.

R. L. Dimmick, H. Wolochow, and M. A. Chatigny, Evidence that bacteria can form new cells in airborne particles, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.37, issue.5, pp.924-927, 1979.

B. Sattler, H. Puxbaum, and R. Psenner, Bacterial growth in supercooled cloud droplets, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.28, issue.2, pp.239-242, 2001.

A. M. Womack, B. Bohannan, and J. L. Green, Biodiversity and biogeography of the atmosphere, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, vol.365, pp.3645-3653, 1558.

S. E. Lindow, D. C. Arny, and C. D. Upper, Bacterial ice nucleation: a factor in frost injury in plants, Plant Physiology, vol.70, issue.4, pp.1084-1089, 1982.

B. C. Christner, R. Cai, C. E. Morris, K. S. Mccarter, and C. M. Foreman, Geographic, seasonal, and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.105, issue.48, pp.18854-18859, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02660850

B. C. Christner, C. E. Morris, C. M. Foreman, R. Cai, and D. C. Sands, Ubiquity of biological ice nucleators in snowfall, Science, vol.319, issue.5867, p.1214, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02663388

R. M. Bowers, C. L. Lauber, C. Wiedinmyer, M. Hamady, and A. G. Hallar, Characterization of airborne microbial communities at a high-elevation site and their potential to act as atmospheric ice nuclei, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.75, issue.15, pp.5121-5130, 2009.

K. A. Pratt, P. J. Demott, J. R. French, Z. Wang, and D. L. Westphal, In situ detection of biological particles in cloud ice-crystals, Nature Geoscience, vol.2, issue.6, pp.397-400, 2009.

T. ?-anti-temkiv, . Finster-k, T. Dittmar, B. M. Hansen, and R. Thyrhaug, Hailstones: a window into the microbial and chemical inventory of a storm cloud, PLoS ONE, vol.8, issue.1, p.53550, 2013.

B. C. Christner, Bioprospecting for microbial products that affect ice crystal formation and growth, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol.85, issue.3, pp.481-489, 2010.

R. S. Pearce, Plant freezing and damage, Annals of Botany, vol.87, issue.4, pp.417-424, 2001.

, Membranes, metabolism, and dry organisms, vol.370, 1986.

P. Convey and M. R. Worland, Survival of freezing by free-living Antarctic soil nematodes, Cryo-Letters, vol.21, issue.6, pp.327-332, 2000.

H. Kagoshima, K. Kito, T. Aizu, T. Shin-i, and H. Kanda, Multi-decadal survival of an Antarctic nematode, Plectus murrayi, in a 220uC stored moss sample, Cryo-Letters, vol.33, issue.4, pp.280-288, 2012.

L. K. Miller, Freezing tolerance in relation to cooling rate in an adult insect, Cryobiology, vol.15, pp.345-349, 1978.

S. Kohshima, A novel cold-tolerant insect found in a Himalayan glacier, Nature, vol.310, issue.5974, pp.225-227, 1984.

T. Sformo, K. Walters, K. Jeannet, B. Wowk, and G. M. Fahy, Deep supercooling, vitrification and limited survival to 2100uC in the Alaskan beetle Cucujus clavipes puniceus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) larvae, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol.213, issue.3, pp.502-509, 2010.

A. G. Hirsh, R. J. Williams, and H. T. Meryman, A novel method of natural cryoprotection. Intracellular glass formation in deeply frozen Populus, Plant Physiology, vol.79, issue.1, pp.41-56, 1985.

A. G. Hirsh, Vitrification in plants as a natural form of cryoprotection, Cryobiology, vol.24, issue.3, pp.214-228, 1987.

M. E. Wisniewski, M. Fuller, J. Palta, J. Carter, and R. Arona, Ice nucleation, propagation, and deep supercooling in woody plants, Journal of Crop Production, vol.10, pp.5-16, 2004.

S. Hengherr, M. R. Worland, A. Reuner, F. Brümmer, and R. O. Schill, Hightemperature tolerance in anhydrobiotic tardigrades is limited by glass transition, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, vol.82, issue.6, pp.749-755, 2009.

S. Hengherr, R. O. Schill, and J. S. Clegg, Mechanisms associated with cellular desiccation tolerance of Artemia encysted embryos from locations around the world, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A -Molecular and Integrative Physiology, vol.160, issue.2, pp.137-142, 2011.

S. Hengherr, R. O. Schill, and J. S. Clegg, Mechanisms associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in the animal extremophile Artemia, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, vol.84, issue.3, pp.249-257, 2011.

F. Franks, Nucleation of ice and its management in ecosystems, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, vol.361, pp.557-574, 2003.

K. Goyal, L. J. Walton, and A. Tunnacliffe, LEA proteins prevent protein aggregation due to water stress, Biochemical Journal, vol.388, pp.151-157, 2005.

K. Kosová, P. Vítámvás, and I. T. Prá?il, The role of dehydrins in plant response to cold, Biologia Plantarum, vol.51, pp.601-617, 2007.

S. Hand, M. A. Menze, M. Toner, L. Boswell, and M. D. , LEA proteins during water stress: not just for plants anymore, Annual Review of Physiology, vol.73, pp.115-134, 2010.

T. Bartels-rausch, V. Bergeron, J. Cartwright, R. Escribano, and J. L. Finney, Ice structures, patterns, and processes: a view across the icefields, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.84, issue.2, pp.885-944, 2012.

M. R. Tansey and T. D. Brock, The upper temperature limit for eukaryotic organisms, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.69, issue.9, pp.2426-2428, 1972.

A. H. Farrell, K. A. Hohenstein, and D. H. Shain, Molecular adaptation in the ice worm, Mesenchytraeus solifugus: divergence of energetic-associated genes, Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol.59, issue.5, pp.666-673, 2004.

A. Clarke and N. M. Johnston, Antarctic marine benthic diversity, Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, vol.41, pp.47-114, 2003.

D. J. Mccafferty, C. Gilbert, A. Thierry, J. Currie, L. Maho et al., Emperor penguin body surfaces cool below air temperature, Biology Letters, vol.9, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00788573

J. Liu, M. I. Richardson, and R. J. Wilson, An assessment of the global, seasonal, and interannual spacecraft record of Martian climate in the thermal infrared, Journal of geophysical Research -Planets, vol.108, issue.E8, p.5089, 2003.

C. F. Chyba and C. B. Phillips, Planets and life: the emerging science of astrobiology, pp.388-423, 2007.