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Article Dans Une Revue Biosensors Année : 1987

The design and development of in vivo glucose sensors for an artificial endocrine pancreas

Résumé

Insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the beta-cells of the pancreas, is essential in many metabolic pathways for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; in the absence of normal insulin secretion, body fuel homeostasis is deranged. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by a relative or an absolute insulin deficiency manifested by loss of control of the circulating blood glucose levels, and by other metabolic abnormalities. Diabetes is a common disease in affluent societies, affecting from one to three per cent of the population, and often five to ten per cent of those over 40 years of age (Hamman 1983). Where systematic surveys have been performed in the developing nations, rates of one to two per cent of the total population prevail (Bennett 1983). Thus, diabetes is a major worldwide health problem with a great social and economic impact due largely to its later complications. Albisser and Spencer (1982) referring to the Report of the National Commission on Diabetes to the Congress of the United States (1976) suggest that, in that country, diabetics are 25 times more prone to blindness than non-diabetics, 17 times more prone to kidney disease, 5 times more prone to gangrene, twice as prone to heart disease, and have a life expectancy of approximately one-third less than the general population. Diabetes mellitus is an heterogeneous disease and only a minority of patients, representing however 3 per 1000 of the general population, are so severely insulinopenic as to require insulin therapy. Since its introduction in the early twenties up to the last years of the seventies, insulin therapy was possible only through discontinuous insulin administration, by one, two, or occasionally, several daily insulin injections. The search for better methods for treating insulin-dependent diabetes and its complications has led to the development of new devices for insulin therapy in the last decade. Infusion systems for continuous insulin delivery (insulin pump), including a reservoir, a pump, and a power supply packed into a portable single unit, have been made available to clinicians and diabetic patients. Efforts to develop a portable self-regulated system, associating an...
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Dates et versions

hal-01179643 , version 1 (23-07-2015)

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  • HAL Id : hal-01179643 , version 1

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Gilberto Velho, Gerard Reach, Daniel R. Thévenot. The design and development of in vivo glucose sensors for an artificial endocrine pancreas. Biosensors, 1987, pp.390-408. ⟨hal-01179643⟩
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