Methodology for studying exchanges between salt marshes and coastal marine waters
Résumé
The salt marshes of the Mont St. Michel bay represent a complex system in continuous change, mostly due to the frequent exchanges with the coastal waters through tidal processes. In such ecosystems, water is an important element insofar as it represents the common vector of flows between and among several ecosystem compartments. The purpose of the approach discussed here is to estimate the volume of water coming in and out and to determine the variations of the water quality according to time and nutrients concentrations. The estimation of the water fluxes is dependent on the channel calibration downstream of the watershed. Among the different methods examined, the continuous integrals calibration appears as the best one because the water level changes very quickly.Up to now, estimations of nutrients exchanges in wetlands have been based on rigorously regular field sampling, in consideration of the fact that exchanges occurred mainly during annual spring tides or during spring tides of each cycle of the year. According to our results, it seems that every tide, and portion of a tide, of a monthly and seasonal cycle has some importance and variability, which suggests that all parts of a tide should be considered in estimations of exchanges between wetlands and coastal waters.