C. Abajian, SPUTNIK: http://abajian, 1994.

P. Agapow and A. Burt, Indices of multilocus linkage disequilibrium, Molecular Ecology Notes, vol.90, issue.1-2, pp.101-102, 2001.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.93.2.770

N. Andreakis, W. Kooistra, and G. Procaccini, Microsatellite markers in an invasive strain of Asparagopsis taxiformis (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta): Insights in ploidy level and sexual reproduction, Gene, vol.406, issue.1-2, pp.144-151, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gene.2007.08.013

G. Araujo and J. Rodrigues, Maricultura da alga marinha vermelha Gracilaria birdiae em Icapuí, Arq Ciên Mar, vol.44, pp.62-68, 2011.

S. Arnaud-haond and K. Belkhir, genclone: a computer program to analyse genotypic data, test for clonality and describe spatial clonal organization, Molecular Ecology Notes, vol.106, issue.1, pp.15-17, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01522.x

J. Avise, Molecular markers, natural history and evolution, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-2381-9

K. Belkhir, P. Borsa, L. Chikhi, N. Raufaste, and F. Bonhomme, ) GENETIX 4.05, logiciel sous Windows TM pour la génétique des populations, Laboratoire Genome, 1996.

A. Brown, M. Feldman, and E. Nevo, Multilocus structure of natural populations of Hordeum spontaneum, Genetics, vol.96, pp.523-536, 1980.

A. Burt, D. Carter, G. Koenig, T. White, and J. Taylor, Molecular markers reveal cryptic sex in the human pathogen Coccidioides immitis., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.93, issue.2, pp.770-773, 1996.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.93.2.770

C. Câmara-neto, Seaweed culture in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, Hydrobiologia, vol.151152, pp.363-367, 1987.

R. Costa, M. Salles, and L. Matias, Cultivating algae marines and values for the development of a coastal community in the city of Icapuí, CE. Cadernos de Agroecologia, vol.6, pp.1-5, 2011.

L. Couceiro, I. Maneiro, S. Mauger, M. Valero, J. Ruiz et al., MICROSATELLITE DEVELOPMENT IN RHODOPHYTA USING HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCE DATA1, Journal of Phycology, vol.11, issue.6, pp.1258-1265, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01075.x

M. Dorken and C. Eckert, Severely reduced sexual reproduction in northern populations of a clonal plant, Decodonverticillatus (Lythraceae), Journal of Ecology, vol.85, issue.3, pp.339-350, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00558.x

C. Engel, C. Destombe, and M. Valero, Mating system and gene flow in the red seaweed Gracilaria gracilis: effect of haploid???diploid life history and intertidal rocky shore landscape on fine-scale genetic structure, Heredity, vol.92, issue.4, pp.289-298, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800407

C. Engel, R. Wattier, C. Destombe, and M. Valero, Performance of non-motile male gametes in the sea: analysis of paternity and fertilization success in a natural population of a red seaweed, Gracilaria gracilis, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.266, issue.1431, pp.1879-1886, 1999.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.1999.0861

M. Guillemin, S. Faugeron, C. Destombe, F. Viard, J. Correa et al., GENETIC VARIATION IN WILD AND CULTIVATED POPULATIONS OF THE HAPLOID??? DIPLOID RED ALGA GRACILARIA CHILENSIS: HOW FARMING PRACTICES FAVOR ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND HETEROZYGOSITY, Evolution, vol.106, issue.6, pp.1500-1519, 2008.
DOI : 10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0005:USATEO]2.0.CO;2

M. Guillemin, M. Valero, S. Faugeron, W. Nelson, and C. Destombe, Tracing the Trans-Pacific Evolutionary History of a Domesticated Seaweed (Gracilaria chilensis) with Archaeological and Genetic Data, PLoS ONE, vol.24, issue.2, 2014.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0114039.s002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01360906

L. Hayashi, C. Bulboa, P. Kradolfer, G. Soriano, and D. Robledo, Cultivation of red seaweeds: a Latin American perspective, Journal of Applied Phycology, vol.13, issue.327, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s10811-013-0143-z

P. Jarne and P. Lagoda, Microsatellites, from molecules to populations and back, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.11, issue.10, pp.424-429, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10049-5

J. Kain and C. Destombe, A review of the life history, reproduction and phenology of Gracilaria, J Appl Phycol, vol.7, pp.269-281, 1995.

S. Kalinowski, M. Taper, and T. Marshall, Revising how the computer program cervus accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment, Molecular Ecology, vol.166, issue.5, pp.1099-1106, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03089.x

T. Koressaar and M. Remm, Enhancements and modifications of primer design program Primer3, Bioinformatics, vol.23, issue.10, pp.1289-1291, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm091

K. Kostamo, H. Korpelainen, and S. Olsson, Comparative study on the population genetics of the red algae Furcellaria lumbricalis occupying different salinity conditions, Marine Biology, vol.18, issue.3, pp.561-571, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00227-011-1835-z

S. Krueger-hadfield, R. D. Correa, J. Destombe, C. Valero, and M. , O father where art thou? Paternity analyses in a natural population of the haploid???diploid seaweed Chondrus crispus, Heredity, vol.12, issue.2, pp.185-194, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1988.tb00081.x

K. Mcdade, M. Mckenna, E. Myers, E. Nickerson, J. Nobile et al., Genome sequencing in open microfabricated high density picoliter reactors, Rothberg JM Nature, vol.437, pp.376-380, 2005.

T. Marshall, J. Slate, L. Kruuk, and J. Pemberton, Statistical confidence for likelihood-based paternity inference in natural populations, Molecular Ecology, vol.38, issue.5, pp.639-655, 1998.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00146.x

S. Mauger, L. Couceiro, and M. Valero, A simple and cost-effective method to synthesize an internal size standard amenable to use with a 5-dye system, Prime Research on Biotechnology, vol.2, pp.40-46, 2012.

M. Inc, Minitab statistical software, version 16 for Windows, 2009.

M. Nei, Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals, Genetics, vol.89, pp.583-590, 1978.

E. Oliveira, The cultivation of seaweeds for the production of agar and agaroids in Brazil actual state and future perspectives, Mems Assoc Latinoam Acuicult, vol.5, pp.431-435, 1984.

C. Pardo, V. Peña, I. Bárbara, M. Valero, and R. Barreiro, , Rhodophyta), Phycologia, vol.53, issue.5, pp.474-479, 2014.
DOI : 10.2216/14-031.1.s1

J. Pemberton, Wild pedigrees: the way forward, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.21, issue.6, pp.613-621, 2009.
DOI : 10.1086/497441

E. Plastino and E. Oliveira, Gracilaria birdiae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), a new species from the tropical South American Atlantic with a terete frond and deep spermatangial conceptacles, Phycologia, vol.41, issue.4, pp.389-396, 2002.
DOI : 10.2216/i0031-8884-41-4-389.1

M. Röder, V. Korzun, K. Wendehake, J. Plaschke, M. Tixier et al., A Microsatellite Map of Wheat, Genetics, vol.149, pp.2007-2023, 1998.

C. Schoebel, S. Brodbeck, D. Buehler, C. Cornejo, J. Gajurel et al., Lessons learned from microsatellite development for nonmodel organisms using 454 pyrosequencing, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol.99, issue.5, pp.600-611, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/jeb.12077

K. Selkoe and R. Toonen, Microsatellites for ecologists: a practical guide to using and evaluating microsatellite markers, Ecology Letters, vol.163, issue.5, 2006.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01773.x

S. Song, P. Lim, S. Phang, W. Lee, K. Lewmanomont et al., Microsatellite markers from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of seaweeds in differentiating various Gracilaria species, Journal of Applied Phycology, vol.28, issue.261, pp.839-846, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s10811-012-9943-9

J. Squirrell, P. Hollingsworth, M. Woodhead, J. Russell, A. Lowe et al., How much effort is required to isolate nuclear microsatellites from plants?, Molecular Ecology, vol.2, issue.6, pp.1339-1348, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01418.x

P. Sunnucks, Efficient genetic markers for population biology, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.15, issue.5, pp.199-203, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01825-5

D. Tautz and C. Schlötterer, Simple sequences, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, vol.4, issue.6, pp.832-837, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0959-437X(94)90067-1

A. Untergrasser, I. Cutcutache, T. Koressaar, B. Faircloth, M. Remm et al., Primer3 -new capabilities and interfaces Micro-checker: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data, Nucleic Acids Res Mol Ecol Notes, vol.4, pp.535-538, 2004.

J. Wang, C. Peng, Z. Liu, Z. Tang, and G. Yang, Isolation and characterization of microsatellites of Grateloupia filicina, Conservation Genetics Resources, vol.11, issue.3, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s12686-013-9902-z

R. Wattier, J. Dallas, C. Destombe, P. Saumitou-laprade, and M. Valero, SINGLE LOCUS MICROSATELLITES IN GRACILARIALES (RHODOPHYTA): HIGH LEVEL OF GENETIC VARIABILITY WITHIN GRACILARIA GRACILIS AND CONSERVATION IN RELATED SPECIES1, Journal of Phycology, vol.33, issue.5, p.880, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00868.x

B. Weir and C. Cockerham, Estimating F-Statistics for the Analysis of Population Structure, Evolution, vol.38, issue.6, pp.1358-1370, 1984.
DOI : 10.2307/2408641