A. Lea and G. Arnold, The phenolics of ciders: Bitterness and astringency, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol.288, issue.5, pp.478-483, 1978.
DOI : 10.1002/jsfa.2740290512

J. Oszmianski and C. Lee, Enzymic oxidative reaction of catechin and chlorogenic acid in a model system, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.38, issue.5, pp.1202-1204, 1990.
DOI : 10.1021/jf00095a009

Y. Song, Y. Yao, H. Zhai, Y. Du, and F. Chen, Polyphenolic Compound and the Degree of Browning in Processing Apple Varieties, Agricultural Sciences in China, vol.6, issue.5, pp.607-612, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S1671-2927(07)60089-3

M. Herrero, I. Cuesta, L. Garcia, and M. Diaz, Changes in Organic Acids During Malolactic Fermentation at Different Temperatures in Yeast-Fermented Apple Juice, Journal of the Institute of Brewing, vol.80, issue.3, pp.191-195, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1999.tb00019.x

J. Boyer and R. Liu, Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits, Nutrition Journal, vol.51, issue.3 Suppl, p.5, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/jf025916z

A. Crozier, I. Jaganath, and M. Clifford, Dietary phenolics: chemistry, bioavailability and effects on health, Natural Product Reports, vol.389, issue.8, pp.1001-1043, 2009.
DOI : 10.1039/b802662a

S. Lotito and B. Frei, Consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and increased plasma antioxidant capacity in humans: Cause, consequence, or epiphenomenon?, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.41, issue.12, pp.1727-1746, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.04.033

G. Mcdougall, I. Morrison, D. Stewart, and J. Hillman, Plant Cell Walls as Dietary Fibre: Range, Structure, Processing and Function, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol.70, issue.2, pp.133-150, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199602)70:2<133::AID-JSFA495>3.0.CO;2-4

O. Aprikian, V. Duclos, S. Guyot, C. Besson, and C. Manach, Apple pectin and a polyphenol-rich apple concentrate are more effective together than separately on cecal fermentations and plasma lipids in rats, The Journal of Nutrition, vol.133, pp.1860-1865, 2003.

Y. Lu and L. Foo, Identification and quantification of major polyphenols in apple pomace, Food Chemistry, vol.59, issue.2, pp.187-194, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-8146(96)00287-7

S. Guyot, N. Marnet, P. Sanoner, and J. Drilleau, ) Fruits and Juices, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.51, issue.21, pp.6240-6247, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/jf0301798

R. Tsao, R. Yang, J. Young, and H. Zhu, Polyphenolic Profiles in Eight Apple Cultivars Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.51, issue.21, pp.6347-6353, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/jf0346298

R. Alonso-salces, S. Guyot, C. Herrero, L. Berrueta, and J. Drilleau, Chemometric characterisation of Basque and French ciders according to their polyphenolic profiles, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol.379, issue.3, pp.464-475, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00216-004-2625-y

K. Kahle, M. Krauss, and E. Richling, Polyphenol profiles of apple juices, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol.43, issue.8, pp.797-806, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/mnfr.200500064

L. Hoffmann, S. Besseau, P. Geoffroy, C. Ritzenthaler, and D. Meyer, Silencing of Hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Shikimate/Quinate Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase Affects Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis, THE PLANT CELL ONLINE, vol.16, issue.6, pp.1446-1465, 2004.
DOI : 10.1105/tpc.020297

B. Winkel, The biosynthesis of flavonoids, editor. The Science of Flavonoids, p.26, 2006.

F. He, Q. Pan, Y. Shi, and C. Duan, Biosynthesis and Genetic Regulation of Proanthocyanidins in Plants, Molecules, vol.13, issue.10, pp.2674-2703, 2008.
DOI : 10.3390/molecules13102674

Z. Fowler and M. Koffas, Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of flavanones: current state and perspectives, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol.38, issue.5, pp.799-808, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s00253-009-2039-z

C. Gosch, H. Halbwirth, J. Kuhn, S. Miosic, and K. Stich, Biosynthesis of phloridzin in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), Plant Science, vol.176, issue.2, pp.223-231, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.10.011

R. Villegas and M. Kojima, Purification and characterization of hydroxycinnamoyl D-glucose quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase in the root of sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas Lam, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.261, pp.8729-8733, 1986.

H. Li, H. Flachowsky, T. Fischer, M. Hanke, and G. Forkmann, Maize Lc transcription factor enhances biosynthesis of anthocyanins, distinct proanthocyanidins and phenylpropanoids in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), Planta, vol.36, issue.5, pp.1243-1254, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00425-007-0573-4

I. Hichri, S. Heppel, J. Pillet, C. Leon, and S. Czemmel, The Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor MYC1 Is Involved in the Regulation of the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Grapevine, Molecular Plant, vol.3, issue.3, pp.509-523, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/mp/ssp118

R. Mellway, L. Tran, M. Prouse, M. Campbell, and C. Constabel, The Wound-, Pathogen-, and Ultraviolet B-Responsive MYB134 Gene Encodes an R2R3 MYB Transcription Factor That Regulates Proanthocyanidin Synthesis in Poplar, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol.150, issue.2, pp.924-941, 2009.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.109.139071

Y. Pang, J. Wenger, K. Saathoff, G. Peel, and J. Wen, A WD40 Repeat Protein from Medicago truncatula Is Necessary for Tissue-Specific Anthocyanin and Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis But Not for Trichome Development, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol.151, issue.3, pp.1114-1129, 2009.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.109.144022

K. Koyama, H. Ikeda, P. Poudel, and N. Goto-yamamoto, Light quality affects flavonoid biosynthesis in young berries of Cabernet Sauvignon grape, Phytochemistry, vol.78, pp.54-64, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.02.026

T. Lovdal, K. Olsen, R. Slimestad, M. Verheul, and C. Lillo, Synergetic effects of nitrogen depletion, temperature, and light on the content of phenolic compounds and gene expression in leaves of tomato, Phytochemistry, vol.71, issue.5-6, pp.605-613, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.12.014

A. Takos, F. Jaffe, S. Jacob, J. Bogs, and S. Robinson, Light-Induced Expression of a MYB Gene Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red Apples, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol.142, issue.3, pp.1216-1232, 2006.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.106.088104

Y. Ban, C. Honda, Y. Hatsuyama, M. Igarashi, and H. Bessho, Isolation and Functional Analysis of a MYB Transcription Factor Gene that is a Key Regulator for the Development of Red Coloration in Apple Skin, Plant and Cell Physiology, vol.48, issue.7, pp.958-970, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/pcp/pcm066

R. Espley, R. Hellens, J. Putterill, D. Stevenson, and S. Kutty-amma, Red colouration in apple fruit is due to the activity of the MYB transcription factor, MdMYB10, The Plant Journal, vol.40, issue.3, pp.414-427, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02964.x

D. Chagné, K. Lin-wang, R. Espley, R. Volz, and N. How, An Ancient Duplication of Apple MYB Transcription Factors Is Responsible for Novel Red Fruit-Flesh Phenotypes, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol.161, issue.1, pp.225-239, 2013.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.112.206771

X. Xie, S. Li, R. Zhang, J. Zhao, and Y. Chen, The bHLH transcription factor MdbHLH3 promotes anthocyanin accumulation and fruit colouration in response to low temperature in apples, Plant, Cell & Environment, vol.14, issue.11, pp.1884-1897, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02523.x

X. An, Y. Tian, K. Chen, X. Wang, and Y. Hao, The apple WD40 protein MdTTG1 interacts with bHLH but not MYB proteins to regulate anthocyanin accumulation, Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.169, issue.7, pp.710-717, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.01.015

D. Chagné, C. Krieger, M. Rassam, M. Sullivan, and J. Fraser, QTL and candidate gene mapping for polyphenolic composition in apple fruit, BMC Plant Biology, vol.12, issue.1, p.12, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygeno.2008.07.008

S. Khan, P. Chibon, R. De-vos, B. Schipper, and E. Walraven, Genetic analysis of metabolites in apple fruits indicates an mQTL hotspot for phenolic compounds on linkage group 16, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol.63, issue.8, pp.2895-2908, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/jxb/err464

C. Verdu, N. Childebrand, N. Marnet, G. Lebail, and F. Dupuis, Polyphenol variability in the fruits and juices of a cider apple progeny, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol.46, issue.7, pp.1305-1314, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/jsfa.6411

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01209956

T. Tai and S. Tanksley, A rapid and inexpensive method for isolation of total DNA from dehydrated plant tissue, Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, vol.8, issue.4, pp.297-303, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02668766

L. Gianfranceschi and V. Soglio, THE EUROPEAN PROJECT HIDRAS: INNOVATIVE MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO BREEDING HIGH QUALITY DISEASE RESISTANT APPLES, Acta Horticulturae, vol.663, issue.663, pp.327-330, 2004.
DOI : 10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.663.55

E. Silfverberg-dilworth, C. Matasci, W. Van-de-weg, M. Van-kaauwen, and M. Walser, Microsatellite markers spanning the apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) genome, Tree Genetics & Genomes, vol.663, issue.2, pp.202-224, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s11295-006-0045-1

H. Oyant, L. Crespel, L. Rajapakse, S. Zhang, L. Foucher et al., Genetic linkage maps of rose constructed with new microsatellite markers and locating QTL controlling flowering traits, Tree Genetics & Genomes, vol.131, issue.3, pp.11-23, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11295-007-0084-2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00729863

J. Van-ooijen, JoinMap 4: software for the calculation of genetic linkage maps in experimental populations, 2006.

R. Liebhard, B. Koller, L. Gianfranceschi, and C. Gessler, Creating a saturated reference map for the apple (Malus ?? domestica Borkh.) genome, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, vol.101, issue.8, pp.1497-1508, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s001220051551

J. Van-ooijen, MapQTL 5, software for the mapping of quantitative trait loci in experimental populations, 2004.

S. Xu, A comment on the simple regression method for interval mapping, Genetics, vol.141, pp.1657-1659, 1995.

R. Development and C. Team, R: A language and environment for statistical computing, 2008.

R. Voorrips, MapChart: Software for the Graphical Presentation of Linkage Maps and QTLs, Journal of Heredity, vol.93, issue.1, pp.77-78, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/jhered/93.1.77

J. Celton, S. Martinez, M. Jammes, A. Bechti, and S. Salvi, Deciphering the genetic determinism of bud phenology in apple progenies: a new insight into chilling and heat requirement effects on flowering dates and positional candidate genes, New Phytologist, vol.42, issue.2, pp.378-392, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03823.x

J. Dutheil, S. Gaillard, E. Bazin, S. Glémin, and V. Ranwez, Bio++:a set of C++ libraries for sequence analysis, phylogenetics, molecular evolution and population genetics, BMC Bioinformatics, vol.7, issue.1, pp.188-194, 2006.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2105-7-188

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00323971

A. Conesa, S. Gotz, J. Garcia-gomez, J. Terol, and M. Talon, Blast2GO: a universal tool for annotation, visualization and analysis in functional genomics research, Bioinformatics, vol.21, issue.18, pp.3674-3676, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti610

M. Kanehisa, Post-genome informatics Database: KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Available: http://www.genome, 2000.

A. Rebai, Comparison of methods for regression interval mapping in QTL analysis with non-normal traits, Genetical Research, vol.69, issue.1, pp.69-74, 1997.
DOI : 10.1017/S0016672396002558

F. Calenge, A. Faure, M. Goerre, C. Gebhardt, and W. Van-de-weg, Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Analysis Reveals Both Broad-Spectrum and Isolate-Specific QTL for Scab Resistance in an Apple Progeny Challenged with Eight Isolates of Venturia inaequalis, Genetics and Resistance, vol.94, pp.370-379, 2004.

V. Caffier and L. F. , Breakdown of Pl2, a major gene of resistance to apple powdery mildew, in a French experimental orchard, Plant Pathology, vol.20, issue.2, pp.116-124, 2005.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.phyto.32.1.89

J. Celton, D. Tustin, D. Chagné, and S. Gardiner, Construction of a dense genetic linkage map for apple rootstocks using SSRs developed from Malus ESTs and Pyrus genomic sequences, Tree Genetics & Genomes, vol.663, issue.1, pp.93-107, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s11295-008-0171-z

D. Micheletti, M. Troggio, A. Zharkikh, F. Costa, and M. Malnoy, Genetic diversity of the genus Malus and implications for linkage mapping with SNPs, Tree Genetics & Genomes, vol.24, issue.4, pp.857-868, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s11295-011-0380-8

B. Ubi, C. Honda, H. Bessho, S. Kondo, and M. Wada, Expression analysis of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in apple skin: Effect of UV-B and temperature, Plant Science, vol.170, issue.3, pp.571-578, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.10.009

J. Jakopic, F. Stampar, and R. Veberic, The influence of exposure to light on the phenolic content of ???Fuji??? apple, Scientia Horticulturae, vol.123, issue.2, pp.234-239, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scienta.2009.09.004

D. Maclean, D. Murr, J. Deell, and C. Horvath, Borkh.) Flavonoids following Harvest, Storage, and 1-MCP Treatment, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.54, issue.3, pp.870-878, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/jf0525075

Y. Han, S. Vimolmangkang, R. Soria-guerra, and S. Korban, Introduction of apple ANR genes into tobacco inhibits expression of both CHI and DFR genes in flowers, leading to loss of anthocyanin, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol.63, issue.7, pp.2437-2447, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/jxb/err415

I. Szankowski, H. Flachowsky, H. Li, H. Halbwirth, and D. Treutter, Shift in polyphenol profile and sublethal phenotype caused by silencing of anthocyanidin synthase in apple (Malus sp.), Planta, vol.299, issue.3, pp.681-692, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s00425-008-0864-4