F. Angelier, B. Moe, H. Weimerskirch, and O. Chastel, Age-specific reproductive success in a long-lived bird: do older parents resist stress better?, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.15, issue.6, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00922.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00182302

F. Angelier, C. Clément-chastel, J. Welcker, G. W. Gabrielsen, and O. Chastel, How does corticosterone affect parental behaviour and reproductive success? A study of prolactin in black-legged kittiwakes, Functional Ecology, vol.38, issue.4, pp.784-793, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01545.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407210

F. Angelier, B. Moe, S. Blanc, and O. Chastel, )?, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, vol.82, issue.5, pp.590-60210, 2009.
DOI : 10.1086/603634

F. Angelier and O. Chastel, Stress, prolactin and parental investment in birds: A review, General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol.163, issue.1-2, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.03.028
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00384555

F. Angelier, J. C. Wingfield, H. Weimerskirch, and O. Chastel, Hormonal correlates of individual quality in a long-lived bird: a test of the 'corticosterone-fitness hypothesis', Biology Letters, vol.15, issue.8, pp.846-849, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tree.2009.10.002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00530493

F. Angelier and J. C. Wingfield, Importance of the glucocorticoid stress response in a changing world: Theory, hypotheses and perspectives, 10th International Symposium on Avian Endocrinology, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.05.022

F. Angelier, J. C. Wingfield, C. Trouvé, S. De-grissac, and O. Chastel, Modulation of the prolactin and the corticosterone stress responses: Do they tell the same story in a long-lived bird, the Cape petrel?, General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol.182, pp.7-15, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.10.008
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00760090

J. L. Barber, A. J. Sweetman, D. Van-wijk, and K. C. Jones, Hexachlorobenzene in the global environment: Emissions, levels, distribution, trends and processes, Science of The Total Environment, vol.349, issue.1-3, pp.1-44, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.03.014

C. Barbraud and H. Weimerskirch, Contrasting effects of the extent of sea-ice on the breeding performance of an Antarctic top predator, the Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea, Journal of Avian Biology, vol.32, issue.4, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2001.320402.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00192297

R. Bargagli, Environmental contamination in Antarctic ecosystems, Science of The Total Environment, vol.400, issue.1-3, pp.212-226, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.062

N. Basu, K. Klenavic, M. Gamberg, M. O-'brien, D. Evans et al., EFFECTS OF MERCURY ON NEUROCHEMICAL RECEPTOR-BINDING CHARACTERISTICS IN WILD MINK, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.24, issue.6, pp.1444-1450, 2005.
DOI : 10.1897/04-048R.1

S. Bearhop, G. D. Ruxton, and R. W. Furness, Dynamics of mercury in blood and feathers of great skuas, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.28, issue.6, pp.1638-1643, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/etc.5620190622

N. Ben-jonathan and R. Hnasko, Dopamine as a Prolactin (PRL) Inhibitor, Endocrine Reviews, vol.22, issue.6, pp.724-763, 2001.
DOI : 10.1210/edrv.22.6.0451

Å. Bergman, J. J. Heindel, S. Jobling, K. A. Kidd, and R. T. Zoeller, State-of-the-science of endocrine disrupting chemicals, 2012, Toxicology Letters, vol.211, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.020

F. Beuschlein, M. Fassnacht, A. Klink, B. Allolio, and M. Reincke, ACTH-receptor expression, regulation and role in adrenocortial tumor formation, European Journal of Endocrinology, vol.144, issue.3, pp.199-206, 2001.
DOI : 10.1530/eje.0.1440199

J. Blas, G. R. Bortolotti, J. L. Tella, R. Baos, and T. A. Marchant, Stress response during development predicts fitness in a wild, long lived vertebrate, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.104, issue.21, pp.8880-8884, 2007.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0700232104

P. D. Boersma and N. T. Wheelwright, Egg Neglect in the Procellariiformes: Reproductive Adaptations in the Fork-Tailed Storm-Petrel, The Condor, vol.81, issue.2, pp.157-165, 1979.
DOI : 10.2307/1367282

V. Bókony, Á. Z. Lendvai, A. Liker, F. Angelier, J. C. Wingfield et al., Stress Response and the Value of Reproduction: Are Birds Prudent Parents? The American Naturalist 173, pp.589-59810593131, 1086.

F. Bonier, P. R. Martin, I. T. Moore, and J. C. Wingfield, Do baseline glucocorticoids predict fitness?, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.24, issue.11, pp.634-642, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tree.2009.04.013

K. Borgå, H. Wolkers, J. U. Skaare, H. Hop, D. C. Muir et al., Bioaccumulation of PCBs in Arctic seabirds: influence of dietary exposure and congener biotransformation, Environmental Pollution, vol.134, issue.3, pp.397-409, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.09.016

C. W. Breuner, S. H. Patterson, and T. P. Hahn, In search of relationships between the acute adrenocortical response and fitness, General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol.157, issue.3, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.05.017

J. D. Buntin, Parental Care: Evolution, Mechanisms, And Adaptive Significance: Parental Care: Evolution, Mechanisms, And Adaptive Significance, 1996.

P. Bustamante, V. Lahaye, C. Durnez, C. Churlaud, and F. Caurant, Total and organic Hg concentrations in cephalopods from the North Eastern Atlantic waters: Influence of geographical origin and feeding ecology, Science of The Total Environment, vol.368, issue.2-3, pp.585-596, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.038
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00179545

J. O. Bustnes, V. Bakken, K. E. Erikstad, F. Mehlum, J. U. Skaare et al., Patterns of incubation and nest-site attentiveness in relation to organochlorine (PCB) contamination in glaucous gulls, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.38, issue.4, pp.791-801, 1897.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00633.x

J. O. Bustnes, T. Tveraa, J. A. Henden, Ø. Varpe, K. Janssen et al., Organochlorines in Antarctic and Arctic Avian Top Predators:?? A Comparison between the South Polar Skua and Two Species of Northern Hemisphere Gulls, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.40, issue.8, pp.2826-2831, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/es051920q

D. Calamari, E. Bacci, S. Focardi, C. Gaggi, M. Morosini et al., Role of plant biomass in the global environmental partitioning of chlorinated hydrocarbons, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.25, issue.8, pp.1489-149510, 1021.
DOI : 10.1021/es00020a020

O. Chastel, H. Weimerskirch, and P. Jouventin, High annual variability in reproductive success and survival of an Antarctic seabird, the snow petrel Pagodroma nivea, Oecologia, vol.56, issue.2, pp.278-285, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00341328

O. Chastel, A. Lacroix, H. Weimerskirch, and G. W. Gabrielsen, Modulation of prolactin but not corticosterone responses to stress in relation to parental effort in a long-lived bird, Hormones and Behavior, vol.47, issue.4, pp.459-466, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.10.009
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00187644

T. Chaurand and H. Weimerskirch, Incubation routine, body mass regulation and egg neglect in the Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea, Ibis, vol.100, issue.3, pp.285-290, 1994.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb01097.x

Y. Cherel, R. Mauget, A. Lacroix, and J. Gilles, Seasonal and Fasting-Related Changes in Circulating Gonadal Steroids and Prolactin in King Penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus, Physiological Zoology, vol.67, issue.5, pp.1154-1154, 1994.
DOI : 10.1086/physzool.67.5.30163887

S. Choi, S. Baek, Y. Chang, F. Wania, M. G. Ikonomou et al., Passive Air Sampling of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides at the Korean Arctic and Antarctic Research Stations: Implications for Long-Range Transport and Local Pollution, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.42, issue.19, pp.7125-713110, 1021.
DOI : 10.1021/es801004p

A. Clarke, C. M. Harris, S. Corsolini, N. Borghesi, N. Ademollo et al., Polar marine ecosystems: major threats and future change Chlorinated biphenyls and pesticides in migrating and resident seabirds from East and West Antarctica, Environmental Conservation Environment international, vol.30, issue.37, pp.1-25, 2003.

F. Criscuolo, O. Chastel, F. Bertile, G. W. Gabrielsen, Y. L. Maho et al., , but does modify long term reproductive success, Journal of Avian Biology, vol.38, issue.4, pp.306-312, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2005.03371.x

C. De-burbure and A. Bernard, Prolactin Changes as a Consequence of Chemical Exposure: de Burbure and Bernard Respond, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.114, issue.10, p.574, 2006.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.114-a574

G. M. Donaldson, B. M. Braune, A. J. Gaston, and D. G. Noble, Organochlorine and Heavy Metal Residues in Breast Muscle of Known-Age Thick-Milled Murres ( Uria lomvia ) from the Canadian Arctic, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol.33, issue.4, pp.430-43510, 1007.
DOI : 10.1007/s002449900273

L. R. Faro, R. Durán, J. L. Do-nascimento, M. Alfonso, and C. W. Picanço-diniz, Effects of Methyl Mercury on thein VivoRelease of Dopamine and Its Acidic Metabolites DOPAC and HVA from Striatum of Rats, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol.38, issue.2, pp.95-981567, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/eesa.1997.1567

L. R. Faro, J. L. Nascimento, . Do, J. M. José, M. Alfonso et al., Intrastriatal Administration of Methylmercury Increases In Vivo Dopamine Release, Neurochemical Research, vol.25, issue.2, pp.225-229, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1007571403413

L. R. Faro, K. J. Rodrigues, M. B. Santana, L. Vidal, M. Alfonso et al., Comparative effects of organic and inorganic mercury on in vivo dopamine release in freely moving rats, Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, vol.40, issue.10, pp.1361-136510, 1590.
DOI : 10.1590/S0100-879X2006005000157

J. M. Finlay and M. J. Zigmond, The Effects of Stress on Central Dopaminergic Neurons: Possible Clinical Implications, Neurochemical Research, vol.22, issue.11, pp.1387-1394, 1997.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1022075324164

M. D. Franceschini, O. P. Lane, D. C. Evers, J. M. Reed, B. Hoskins et al., The corticosterone stress response and mercury contamination in free-living tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, Ecotoxicology, vol.17, issue.5, pp.514-521, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10646-009-0309-2

C. S. Frings, T. W. Fendley, R. T. Dunn, and C. A. Queen, Improved Determination of Total Serum Lipids by the Sulfo-Phospho-Vanillin Reaction, Clinical Chemistry, vol.18, pp.673-674, 1972.

R. Furness and M. Hutton, Pollutant levels in the great skua Catharacta skua, Environmental Pollution (1970), vol.19, issue.4, pp.261-26810, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-9327(79)90118-6

G. W. Gabrielsen, D. J. Ørbaek, D. R. Kallenborn, D. I. Tombre, and D. E. Hegseth, Levels and effects of persistent organic pollutants in arctic animals, Arctic Alpine Ecosystems and People in a Changing Environment, pp.377-412, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-48514-8_20

J. Gonzáles-solís, C. Sanpera, and X. Ruiz, Metals and selenium as bioindicators of geographic and trophic segregation in giant petrels Macronectes spp., Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.244, pp.257-26410, 2002.
DOI : 10.3354/meps244257

V. Gordeev, Pollution of the Arctic, Regional Environmental Change, vol.3, issue.1-3, pp.88-98, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s10113-002-0041-4

A. Goutte, F. Angelier, J. Welcker, B. Moe, C. Clément-chastel et al., Long-term survival effect of corticosterone manipulation in Black-legged kittiwakes, General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol.167, issue.2, pp.246-251, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.03.018
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00527719

A. Goutte, M. Kriloff, H. Weimerskirch, and O. Chastel, Why do some adult birds skip breeding? A hormonal investigation in a long-lived bird, Biology Letters, vol.94, issue.1, pp.790-792, 2011.
DOI : 10.1530/jrf.0.0940221
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00598596

A. Goutte, É. Antoine, and O. Chastel, Experimentally delayed hatching triggers a magnified stress response in a long-lived bird, Hormones and Behavior, vol.59, issue.1, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.11.004
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00585199

A. Goutte, C. Clément-chastel, B. Moe, C. Bech, G. W. Gabrielsen et al., Experimentally reduced corticosterone release promotes early breeding in black-legged kittiwakes, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol.214, issue.12, pp.2005-2013, 2011.
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.051979
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00622956

A. Goutte, M. Chevreuil, F. Alliot, O. Chastel, Y. Cherel et al., Persistent organic pollutants in benthic and pelagic organisms off Ad??lie Land, Antarctica, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.77, issue.1-2, pp.82-89, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.027

A. Goutte, P. Bustamante, C. Barbraud, K. Delord, H. Weimerskirch et al., Demographic responses to mercury exposure in two closely related Antarctic top predators, Ecology, vol.95, issue.4, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1963.tb02509.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00945307

R. Groscolas, A. Lacroix, and J. Robin, Spontaneous egg or chick abandonment in energy-depleted king penguins: A role for corticosterone and prolactin? Hormones and Behavior 53, 2008.

L. J. Guillette and M. P. Gunderson, Alterations in development of reproductive and endocrine systems of wildlife populations exposed to endocrine-disrupting contaminants, Reproduction, vol.122, issue.6, pp.857-864, 2001.
DOI : 10.1530/rep.0.1220857

B. J. Heidinger, O. Chastel, I. C. Nisbet, and E. D. Ketterson, Mellowing with age: older parents are less responsive to a stressor in a long-lived seabird, Functional Ecology, vol.10, issue.5, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01733.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00527739

C. J. Henny, E. F. Hill, D. J. Hoffman, M. G. Spalding, and R. A. Grove, Nineteenth Century Mercury: Hazard to Wading Birds and Cormorants of the Carson River, Ecotoxicology, vol.11, issue.4, pp.213-231, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1016327602656

E. O. Henriksen, G. W. Gabrielsen, and J. U. Skaare, Levels and congener pattern of polychlorinated biphenyls in kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), in relation to mobilization of body-lipids associated with reproduction, Environmental Pollution, vol.92, issue.1, pp.27-37, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0269-7491(95)00087-9

E. O. Henriksen, G. W. Gabrielsen, and J. Utne-skaare, Validation of the use of blood samples to assess tissue concentrations of organochlorines in glaucous gulls, Larus hyperboreus, Chemosphere, vol.37, issue.13, pp.2627-2643, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00162-3

G. Herring, J. T. Ackerman, and M. P. Herzog, Mercury Exposure May Suppress Baseline Corticosterone Levels in Juvenile Birds, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.46, issue.11, pp.6339-6346, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/es300668c

M. Hutton, Accumulation of heavy metals and selenium in three seabird species from the United Kingdom, Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological, vol.26, issue.2, pp.129-145, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0143-1471(81)90043-X

B. M. Jenssen, Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Climate Change: A Worst-Case Combination for Arctic Marine Mammals and Seabirds?, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.114, issue.S-1, pp.76-80, 2005.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.8057

J. M. Keller, J. R. Kucklick, C. A. Harms, and P. D. Mcclellan-green, ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS IN SEA TURTLES: CORRELATIONS BETWEEN WHOLE BLOOD AND FAT, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.23, issue.3, pp.726-738, 2004.
DOI : 10.1897/03-254

A. S. Kitaysky, J. C. Wingfield, and J. F. Piatt, Dynamics of food availability, body condition and physiological stress response in breeding Black-legged Kittiwakes, Functional Ecology, vol.13, issue.5, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/0039-128X(75)90077-X

K. A. Koch, J. C. Wingfield, and J. D. Buntin, Prolactin-induced parental hyperphagia in ring doves: are glucocorticoids involved? Hormones and Behavior 46, 2004.

Á. Z. Lendvai, M. Giraudeau, and O. Chastel, Reproduction and modulation of the stress response: an experimental test in the house sparrow, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.35, issue.8, pp.391-3973735, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-6480(02)00064-3
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00356613

H. Lormée, P. Jouventin, C. Trouve, and O. Chastel, Sex-specific patterns in baseline corticosterone and body condition changes in breeding Red-footed Boobies Sula sula, Ibis, vol.20, issue.2, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00106.x

O. P. Love, L. J. Shutt, J. S. Silfies, G. R. Bortolotti, J. E. Smits et al., Effects of Dietary PCB Exposure on Adrenocortical Function in Captive American Kestrels (Falco sparverius), Ecotoxicology, vol.12, issue.1/4, pp.199-208, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1022502826800

R. Lucchini, I. Cortesi, P. Facco, L. Benedetti, D. Camerino et al., Neurotoxic effect of exposure to low doses of mercury, Med Lav, vol.93, pp.202-214, 2002.

R. Lucchini, S. Calza, D. Camerino, P. Carta, A. Decarli et al., Application of a Latent Variable Model for a Multicenter Study on Early Effects Due to Mercury Exposure, NeuroToxicology, vol.24, issue.4-5, pp.605-616, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0161-813X(03)00048-2

D. J. Minnema, G. P. Cooper, and R. D. Greenland, Effects of methylmercury on neurotransmitter release from rat brain synaptosomes, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.99, issue.3, pp.510-521, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0041-008X(89)90158-0

M. A. Moline, N. J. Karnovsky, Z. Brown, G. J. Divoky, T. K. Frazer et al., High Latitude Changes in Ice Dynamics and Their Impact on Polar Marine Ecosystems, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.107, issue.1, pp.267-319, 2008.
DOI : 10.1196/annals.1439.010

I. Newton, J. Bogan, and M. Marquiss, Organochlorine contamination and age in sparrowhawks, Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological, vol.25, issue.2, pp.155-160, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0143-1471(81)90016-7

M. Noël, L. Barrett-lennard, C. Guinet, N. Dangerfield, and P. S. Ross, Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in killer whales (Orcinus orca) from the Crozet Archipelago, southern Indian Ocean, Marine Environmental Research, vol.68, issue.4, pp.196-202, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.06.009

T. Nordstad, B. Moe, J. O. Bustnes, C. Bech, O. Chastel et al., Relationships between POPs and baseline corticosterone levels in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) across their breeding cycle, Environmental Pollution, vol.164, pp.219-226, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.044
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00665888

A. Odermatt and C. Gumy, Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid action: Why should we consider influences by environmental chemicals?, Biochemical Pharmacology, vol.76, issue.10, pp.1184-1193, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.07.019

M. A. Ottinger, M. Abdelnabi, M. Quinn, N. Golden, J. Wu et al., Reproductive consequences of EDCs in birds, Neurotoxicology and Teratology, vol.24, issue.1, pp.17-28, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0892-0362(01)00195-7

M. A. Ottinger, T. Carro, M. Bohannon, L. Baltos, A. M. Marcell et al., Assessing effects of environmental chemicals on neuroendocrine systems: Potential mechanisms and functional outcomes, General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol.190, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.06.004

A. Pauwels, A. Covaci, J. Weyler, L. Delbeke, M. Dhont et al., Comparison of Persistent Organic Pollutant Residues in Serum and Adipose Tissue in a Female Population in Belgium, 1996-1998, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol.39, issue.2, pp.265-270, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/s002440010104

A. Penhoat, C. Jaillard, and J. M. Saez, Corticotropin positively regulates its own receptors and cAMP response in cultured bovine adrenal cells., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.86, issue.13, pp.4978-4981, 1989.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.86.13.4978

R. E. Ricklefs and M. Wikelski, The physiology/life-history nexus, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.17, issue.10, pp.462-46810, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02578-8

R. W. Risebrough, B. W. De-lappe, and T. T. Schmidt, Bioaccumulation factors of chlorinated hydrocarbons between mussels and seawater, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.7, issue.12, pp.225-228, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0025-326X(76)90266-6

L. M. Romero and J. M. Reed, Collecting baseline corticosterone samples in the field: is under 3 min good enough? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 140, 2005.

L. M. Romero, Using the reactive scope model to understand why stress physiology predicts survival during starvation in Gal??pagos marine iguanas, General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol.176, issue.3, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.11.004

C. L. Rowe, ???The Calamity of So Long Life???: Life Histories, Contaminants, and Potential Emerging Threats to Long-lived Vertebrates, BioScience, vol.58, issue.7, pp.623-631, 2008.
DOI : 10.1641/B580709

P. G. Ryan and B. P. Watkins, Snow Petrel Breeding Biology at an Inland Site in Continental Antarctica, Colonial Waterbirds, vol.12, issue.2, 1989.
DOI : 10.2307/1521338

V. Smetacek and S. Nicol, Polar ocean ecosystems in a changing world, Nature, vol.36, issue.7057, pp.362-368, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-0981(89)90161-5

S. A. Solheim, M. Szubska, W. Meissner, M. Be?dowska, and L. Falkowska, The Preen Gland -an Organ for Excretion of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) Master thesis, Mercury in immature and adults Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) wintering on the Gulf of Gda?sk area. Ocean and Hydro 42, pp.260-267, 2010.

S. W. Tan, J. C. Meiller, and K. R. Mahaffey, The endocrine effects of mercury in humans and wildlife, Critical Reviews in Toxicology, vol.36, issue.1, pp.228-269, 2009.
DOI : 10.1080/15287399409531837

N. Tapie, K. L. Menach, S. Pasquaud, P. Elie, M. H. Devier et al., PBDE and PCB contamination of eels from the Gironde estuary: From glass eels to silver eels, Chemosphere, vol.83, issue.2, pp.175-185, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.044

S. Tartu, A. Goutte, P. Bustamante, F. Angelier, B. Moe et al., To breed or not to breed: endocrine response to mercury contamination by an Arctic seabird, Biology Letters, vol.114, issue.7, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.05.012
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00918744

S. Tartu, F. Angelier, D. Herzke, B. Moe, C. Bech et al., The stress of being contaminated? Adrenocortical function and reproduction in relation to persistent organic pollutants in female black legged kittiwakes, Science of The Total Environment, vol.476, issue.477, pp.476-477, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.060
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00935886

S. Tavares, J. C. Xavier, R. A. Phillips, M. E. Pereira, and M. A. Pardal, Influence of age, sex and breeding status on mercury accumulation patterns in the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, Environmental Pollution, vol.181, pp.315-320, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.032

D. R. Thompson, K. C. Hamer, and R. W. Furness, Mercury Accumulation in Great Skuas Catharacta skua of Known Age and Sex, and Its Effects Upon Breeding and Survival, The Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.28, issue.2, pp.672-684
DOI : 10.2307/2404575

C. R. Tyler, S. Jobling, and J. P. Sumpter, Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife: A Critical Review of the Evidence, Critical Reviews in Toxicology, vol.28, issue.4, pp.319-36110, 1080.
DOI : 10.1080/10408449891344236

J. P. Van-de-merwe, M. Hodge, H. A. Olszowy, J. M. Whittier, and S. Y. Lee, Using blood samples to estimate persistent organic pollutants and metals in green sea turtles (< i> Chelonia mydas) Marine pollution bulletin 60, pp.579-588, 2010.

N. W. Van-den-brink, J. A. Van-franeker, and E. M. De-ruiter-dijkman, Fluctuating concentrations of organochlorine pollutants during a breeding season in two Antarctic seabirds: Adelie penguin and southern fulmar, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.17, pp.702-709, 1998.

N. W. Van-den-brink, Directed transport of volatile organochlorine pollutants to polar regions: the effect on the contamination pattern of Antarctic seabirds, Science of The Total Environment, vol.198, issue.1, pp.43-50, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)05440-5

N. Verboven, J. Verreault, R. J. Letcher, G. W. Gabrielsen, and N. P. Evans, Nest temperature and parental behaviour of Arctic-breeding glaucous gulls exposed to persistent organic pollutants, Animal Behaviour, vol.77, issue.2, pp.411-418, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.10.022

N. Verboven, J. Verreault, R. J. Letcher, G. W. Gabrielsen, and N. P. Evans, Adrenocortical function of Arctic-breeding glaucous gulls in relation to persistent organic pollutants, General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol.166, issue.1, pp.25-32, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.11.013

J. Verreault, R. J. Letcher, D. C. Muir, S. Chu, W. A. Gebbink et al., NEW ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS AND METABOLITES IN PLASMA AND EGGS OF GLAUCOUS GULLS (LARUS HYPERBOREUS) FROM THE NORWEGIAN ARCTIC, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.24, issue.10, p.2486, 2005.
DOI : 10.1897/05-067R.1

J. Verreault, N. Verboven, G. W. Gabrielsen, R. J. Letcher, and O. Chastel, Changes in prolactin in a highly organohalogen contaminated Arctic top predator seabird, the glaucous gull, General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol.156, issue.3, pp.569-576, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.02.013
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00276049

H. Wada, D. A. Cristol, F. M. Mcnabb, and W. A. Hopkins, Suppressed Adrenocortical Responses and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Birds near a Mercury-Contaminated River, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.43, issue.15, pp.6031-603810, 1021.
DOI : 10.1021/es803707f

C. H. Walker, R. M. Sibly, S. P. Hopkin, and D. B. Peakall, Principles of Ecotoxicology, Fourth Edition, 2012.

F. Wania, D. Mackay, and F. Wania, Peer Reviewed: Tracking the Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.30, issue.9, pp.390-396, 1996.
DOI : 10.1021/es962399q

M. Wayland, A. J. Garcia-fernandez, E. Neugebauer, and H. G. Gilchrist, Concentrations of Cadmium, Mercury and Selenium in Blood, Liver and Kidney of Common Eider Ducks from the Canadian Arctic, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol.71, issue.3, pp.255-267, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1011850000360

H. Weimerskirch, J. Lallemand, and J. Martin, Population sex ratio variation in a monogamous long-lived bird, the wandering albatross, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.81, issue.2, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00084-5
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00188740

J. Wingfield, Modulation of the adrenocortical response to stress in birds. Perspectives in comparative endocrinology, pp.520-528, 1994.

J. C. Wingfield and R. M. Sapolsky, Reproduction and Resistance to Stress: When and How, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, vol.379, issue.8, pp.711-724, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01033.x

J. C. Wingfield, Ecological processes and the ecology of stress: the impacts of abiotic environmental factors, Functional Ecology, vol.73, issue.1, pp.37-44, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/1365-2435.12039

Z. Xie, P. Zhang, L. Sun, S. Xu, Y. Huang et al., Microanalysis of metals in barbs of a snow petrel (Pagodroma Nivea) from the Antarctica using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.56, issue.3, pp.516-524, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.11.015

T. Zhou, D. J. Rademacher, R. E. Steinpreis, and J. S. Weis, Neurotransmitter levels in two populations of larval Fundulus heteroclitus after methylmercury exposure, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, vol.124, issue.3, pp.287-294, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0742-8413(99)00077-8