Patrimonialisation/The making of Heritage/Présentation Axe thématique projet ANR AQAPA
Résumé
Atelier de lancement projet ANR/AQAPA 28, 29, 30 avril 2014. Présentation des axes thématiques : Béatrice David (LAVUE-AUS, Université Paris-8) Patrimonialisation (« mise en patrimoine)/ The making of heritage/ Heritagization The study of Heritage making has become in the last 20 years a legitimate "object" in social sciences, notably in anthropology, then by geographic studies which have largely invested the field, particularly in exploring the intimate link between Territory and Heritage. The last decades have seen what is sometimes called a « cult of memory » (or Heritage fever) which seems to affect all societies at the global level, at all political and social scales, from the Nation-States to the arenas of regional and/or ethnic levels. A set of questions: The following will try to line out some major findings and directions taken by research on Heritage which are relevant for the Aqapa projet. Mainly the recognition of Heritage is the product of a complex process engaging different actors or protagonists which need to be identified. Particular attention is paid here to the link between Heritagisation and Touristification: the effects of Tourism on Heritage, and vice versa, of Heritage on Tourism. Can Heritage remain Heritage if transformed by tourism? The idea that tourism may spoil the authenticity of Heritage, if such an authenticity may be granted. The stating question is What is meant by Heritage? Whose Heritage? Who acts in the legitimation of "cultures" or "nature" as Heritage? 1. Theoretical approach. Heritage as construction. No essentialist approach(or temptation …) of what is first of all a construction. The idea of Heritage is not a matter of fact. To underlie the fluidity of the concept, F. Choay in her Allegory of Heritage published as early in 1992 describes it as a « nomadic concept ». As such it cannot be reduced to a fixed definition, to a predefined set of items. 2. L'extension d'un champ patrimonial non réductible à des objets concrets/ The extension of the Heritage field, non reducible to concrete objects • Another major contributions/development in the field of Heritage building is its large development or extension of the items or objects that can pretend to the status of Heritage. As observed by the geographer GRAVARI BARBAS (2005 Habiter et patrimoine. Enjeux, approches, vécu) in her edited book focusing on the relationship between Heritage and Living sites : « Heritage is all together what is momental, the ordinary, the spectacular or extraordinary ». • Since then it has gradually enlarged to other spheres of reality, to items belonging to the popular cultures, then to the sphere of intangible and symbolic. In the latest, the development at the beginnings of the 2000s of institutional projects on Cultural intangible
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