Survival Management by Living Systems. A General System Theory of the Space-Time Modularity and Evolution of Living Systems: Associations for the Reciprocal and Mutual Sharing of Advantages and DisAdvantages (ARMSADA).

Pierre Bricage (1)

1 AFSCET - Association Française de Science des Systèmes

To survive that is 'to eat and not to be eaten'. Whatever its spatial and temporal level of organization, any living system, to survive and live on, has 'to be lucky' for 'to be at the right place at the right time'. Formed by embedments and juxtapositions of pre-existing systems in a new Whole, it is a part of food chains: it eats and is eaten, within an ecoexotope of survival (EXO) that it shares with other living systems. But 'soon or late it is impossible not to be eaten.' Man is not an exception! The modularity of living systems allows both a partial location and a global recycling of matter and energy. The pleiotropy of structures and functions, allowing 'to make of a stone several knocks', is a mechanism of exaptation. The ago-antagonistic relations balance, within any ecoexotope (EXO: external, tope: space, eco: of inhabitation), leads sooner or later to predators disappearance, with a reduction of biodiversity. The spatial and temporal structuring and functioning are associated with scaling independent, local and global, qualitative characteristics (gauge invariance) and quantitative laws (power laws) which allow the emergence of a new biodiversity through the systems merging into 'Associations for the Reciprocal and Mutual Sharing of Advantages and Dis- Advantages' (ARMSADA). They are more and more independent from the new global level of organization and the previous local situations of emergence. The local actors become more and more mutually integrated into their more and more new global Whole. And reversely (systemic constructal law), the global Whole is more and more integrating local parceners. The evolution of living systems is often seen as a cooperative evolution resulting from altruist behaviors, modeled or simulated using games like the prisoners' dilemma game, showing why 2 individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interests to do so. But the law of the strongest is not-at-all the best ! The only way to escape for a while from the struggle is to enter into an ARMSADA. A lichen is both an organism and an ecosystem, a cell is also an ecosystem and an endosyncenosis (CENO: to meet and fuse, syn: into a system, endo: with a new internal structural and functional organization), both are ARMSADAs. An ARMSADA emerges when the partners lose simultaneously the capacity to kill the other ones. In the new Whole, all that is an advantage for a partner is a disadvantage for the other ones. The 'parceners' are fused together 'for the best and for the worst'. If some benefits they are only for their Wholeness which expresses new abilities. The nitrogen fixation of the legumes' nodes emerges from the fusion of a population of Monera with, and within, an organism. The eukaryotic cell has emerged with the help of a RNA virus from a mat of Monera. In their new endophysiotope (ENDO: internal, tope: space, physio: of functioning), the parceners are absolutely dependent from each others. But, through the iteration process of new ARMSADAs' emerging, the new more and more complex system-of-systems is more and more independent from its EXO. There are never advantages without dis- advantages. To survive that is to turn disadvantages into advantages and to avoid advantages turning to disadvantages. The cell apoptosis results from the systemic dys-functioning of its ARMSADA, the death of an endangered internal partner (the Monera' parts: the population of mitochondria or the nucleus) leads to the endosyncenosis death. Cancer is a breaking of the cell's ARMSADA. Cells that should have to die, because of external dangers, thanks to escapes of internal dormant viruses do not. The new endophysiotope (ENDO) survives through a metamorphosis but the previous EXO, the organism, is altered and endangered. Into an ARMSADA each partner can survive only if the other ones survive first. Man is not an exception!

Mots clés: agoantagonism; Associations for the Reciprocal and Mutual Sharing of Advantages and DisAdvantages; ARMSADA; http://armsada.eu; breakage; cancer; capacity to be hosted; competition; cybernetics; ecoexotope; embedment; endophysiotope; endosyncenosis; epigenetic; evolution; exaptation; food chain; fractal; heritage; hosting capacity; juxtaposition; limit; limitation; parasitism; phylotagmotaphology; power law; systemic constructal law; prisoners' dilemma game; system-of-systems; systemics; virus

Domaines: Ecosystèmes

Pierre Bricage. Survival Management by Living Systems. A General System Theory of the Space-Time Modularity and Evolution of Living Systems: Associations for the Reciprocal and Mutual Sharing of Advantages and DisAdvantages (ARMSADA).. World Conference on Complex Systems, Nov 2014, Agadir, Morocco. ⟨hal-01065974⟩