Mass-evacuation model for a population located in a floodplain
Résumé
The importance of managing an urban site threatened or affected by flooding requires the development of effective evacuation systems. An effective evacuation system has to take into account some constraints such as the transportation traffic which plays an important role as well as others such as the accessibility or necessary human ressources and material equipment (vehicles, assembly points, etc ...). The ultimate objective of this work is to bring assistance to the technical services and bringade forces in terms of accessibility by providing itineraries with respect to rescue operations and the evacuation of people and goods. We consider the evacuation of a middle size area, submitted to a risk, and more precisely to a risk of flooding. In cas of flooding, inhabitants have to evacuate, most of them by themselves, ie., using their personal vehcles. Considered case here, the flooding can be forecast, and then the population has few days (2-4) to evacuate. Our aim is to build an evacuation plan, ie., fixing for each building the time interval on which its population is allowed to reach the assembly point (also called shelters), using specified paths. Evacuation plan must be designed to avoid congestion on the road network. First we propose a flow model to check the feasibility of an evacuation plan avoiding congestion, then a neighborhood search is proposed to improve the evacuation time.