K. R. Beesley and L. Karttunen, Finite State Morphology, 2003.

B. F. Grimes, Pakistan, in Ethnologue: Languages of the World, pp.588-598, 2000.

S. Hussain, Letter to Sound Rules for Urdu Text to Speech System, proceedings of Workshop on Computational Aproaches to Arabic Script-based Languages, 2004.

B. Jawaid and T. Ahmed, Hindi to Urdu Conversion: Beyond Simple Transliteration, proceedings of Conference on Language & Technology, 2009.

R. S. Kellogg, 1872. A Grammar of Hindi Language

K. Knight and B. G. Stall, Transliterating Names and Technical Terms in Arabic Text, proceedings of COLING/ACL Workshop on Computational Approaches to Semitic Languages, 1998.

M. G. Malik, . Abbas, C. Boitet, . Bhattcharyya, and . Pushpak, Hindi Urdu Machine Transliteration using Finite-state Transducers, proceedings of COLING, 2008.

A. Montaut, A Linguistic Grammar of Hindi, Studies in Indo-European Linguistics Series, 2004.

V. Paola and K. Sanjeev, Transliteration of Proper Names in Cross-language Application, proceedings of 26 th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2003.

A. Pirkola, J. Toivonen, H. Keshustalo, K. Visala, and K. Jarvelin, Fuzzy Translation of Crosslingual Spelling Variants, proceedings of 26 th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2003.

T. Rahman, Language Policy and Localization in Pakistan: Proposal for a Paradigmatic Shift, Crossing the Digital Divide, SCALLA Conference on Computational Linguistics, 2004.

A. Stolcke, SRILM ? An Extensible Language Modeling Toolkit, proceedings of International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, 2002.

A. Stolcke, E. Shriberg, R. Bates, M. Ostendorf, D. Hakkani et al., Automatic Detection of Sentence Boundaries and Disfluencies based on Recognized Words, Proceedings of International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP), 1998.

Q. Yan, G. Gregory, and D. A. Evans, Automatic Transliteration for Japanese-to- English Text Retrieval, proceedings of the 26 th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp.353-360, 2003.

K. Zia, Standard Code Table for Urdu, Proceedings of 4 th Symposium on Multilingual Information Processing (MILIT-4), 1999.