C. G. Bardeen, O. B. Toon, E. J. Jensen, D. R. Marsh, H. et al., Numerical simulations of the three-dimensional distribution of meteoric dust in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.30, issue.C2, pp.1720210-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JD009515

U. M. Biermann, T. Presper, T. Koop, J. Mossinger, P. J. Crutzen et al., The unsuitability of meteoritic and other nuclei for polar stratospheric cloud freezing, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.94, issue.13, pp.1693-169610, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96GL01577

S. Borrmann, J. E. Dye, D. Baumgardner, M. H. Proffitt, J. J. Margitan et al., Aerosols as dynamical tracers in the lower stratosphere: Ozone versus aerosol correlation after the Mount Pinatubo eruption, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.261, issue.22, pp.11147-1115610, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/95JD00016

S. Borrmann, A. Thomas, V. Rudakov, V. Yushkov, B. Lepuchov et al., Stratospheric aerosol measurements in the Arctic winter of 1996/1997 with the M-55 Geophysika high-altitude research aircraft, Tellus B, vol.52, issue.4, pp.1088-1103, 2000.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00100.x

S. Borrmann, D. Kunkel, R. Weigel, A. Minikin, T. Deshler et al., Aerosols in the tropical and subtropical UT/LS: insitu measurements of submicron particle abundance and volatility, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.105194, pp.5573-559210, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00433492

C. A. Brock, P. Hamill, J. C. Wilson, H. H. Jonsson, C. et al., Particle Formation in the Upper Tropical Troposphere: A Source of Nuclei for the Stratospheric Aerosol, Science, vol.270, issue.5242, pp.1650-165310, 1995.
DOI : 10.1126/science.270.5242.1650

P. Campbell and T. Deshler, Condensation nuclei measurements in the midlatitude (1982-2012) and Antarctic (1986-2010) stratosphere between 20 and 35???km, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.100, issue.D22, pp.137-15210, 2014.
DOI : 10.1029/94JD03110

J. Curtius, R. Weigel, H. Vössing, H. Wernli, A. Werner et al., Observations of meteoric material and implications for aerosol nucleation in the winter Arctic lower stratosphere derived from in situ particle measurements, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.5, issue.11, pp.3053-306910, 2005.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-5-3053-2005
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00295784

D. J. Cziczo, D. S. Thomson, M. , and D. M. , Ablation, Flux, and Atmospheric Implications of Meteors Inferred from Stratospheric Aerosol, Science, vol.291, issue.5509, pp.1772-1775, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1057737

T. Deshler, A review of global stratospheric aerosol: Measurements, importance, life cycle, and local stratospheric aerosol, Atmospheric Research, vol.90, issue.2-4, pp.223-232, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.016

S. S. Dhomse, R. W. Saunders, W. Tian, M. P. Chipperfield, and J. M. And-plane, Plutonium-238 observations as a test of modeled transport and surface deposition of meteoric smoke particles, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.131, issue.16, pp.4454-4458, 2013.
DOI : 10.1029/2010JD015360

A. Dörnbrack, M. C. Pitts, L. R. Poole, Y. J. Orsolini, K. Nishii et al., Arctic stratospheric winter ? general evolution, mountain waves and predictability of an operational weather forecast model, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.125194, pp.3659-367510, 2009.

A. Engel, T. Möbius, H. P. Haase, H. Bönisch, T. Wetter et al., Observation of mesospheric air inside the arctic stratospheric polar vortex in early, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.65194, pp.267-28210, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00327956

I. Engel, B. P. Luo, M. C. Pitts, L. R. Poole, C. R. Hoyle et al., Heterogeneous formation of polar stratospheric clouds ??? Part 2: Nucleation of ice on synoptic scales, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.13, issue.21, pp.10769-1078510, 2013.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-13-10769-2013-supplement

D. W. Fahey, K. K. Kelly, S. R. Kawa, A. F. Tuck, M. Loewenstein et al., Observations of denitrification and dehydration in the winter polar stratospheres, Nature, vol.344, issue.6264, pp.321-32410344321, 1038.
DOI : 10.1038/344321a0

M. Fisher, A. Neill, and R. Sutton, Rapid descent of mesospheric air into the stratospheric polar vortex, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.115, issue.12, pp.1267-127010, 1993.
DOI : 10.1029/93GL01104

B. Funke, M. García-comas, M. López-puertas, N. Glatthor, G. P. Stiller et al., solar proton events, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.85194, pp.3805-381510, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00296446

P. Gabrielli, C. Barbante, J. M. Plane, A. Varga, S. Hong et al., Meteoric smoke fallout over the Holocene epoch revealed by iridium and platinum in Greenland ice, Nature, vol.28, issue.7020, pp.1011-101410, 1038.
DOI : 10.1038/328699a0

J. B. Greenblatt, H. Jost, M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske, D. F. Hurst et al., Tracer-based determination of vortex descent in the, Arctic winter J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, vol.107, p.827910, 1029.

J. B. Greenblatt, H. Jost, M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske, T. P. Bui et al., O:potential temperature correlation, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.33, issue.D20, p.826810, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD000575

J. U. Grooß, I. Engel, S. Borrmann, W. Frey, G. Günther et al., Nitric acid trihydrate nucleation and denitrification in the Arctic stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.145194, pp.1055-107310, 1055.

G. Günther, R. Müller, M. Von-hobe, F. Stroh, P. Konopka et al., Quantification of transport across the boundary of the lower stratospheric vortex during Arctic winter, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.85194, pp.3655-367010, 2002.

P. Haynes and E. Shuckburgh, Effective diffusivity as a diagnostic of atmospheric transport: 1. Stratosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.317, issue.D18, pp.22777-2279410, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD900093

W. C. Hinds, Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of airborne Particles, pp.97-100, 1999.

D. J. Hofmann, T. Deshler, F. Arnold, and H. Schlager, Balloon observations of nitric acid aerosol formation in the Arctic stratosphere: II. Aerosol, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.17, issue.9, pp.1279-128210, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/GL017i009p01279

J. R. Holton, P. H. Haynes, M. E. Mcintyre, A. R. Douglass, R. B. Rood et al., Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.51, issue.2, pp.403-439, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/95RG02097
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.296.2507

C. D. Homan, C. M. Volk, A. C. Kuhn, A. Werner, J. Baehr et al., Tracer measurements in the tropical tropopause layer during the AMMA/SCOUT- O 3 aircraft campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.105194, pp.3615-362710, 2010.

E. Hösen, C. M. Volk, J. Grooß, G. Günther, and A. Werner, The vortex index: an empirical origin of air tracer based on longlived tracer measurements, submitted to Atmos, Chem. Phys. Discuss, 2014.

C. R. Hoyle, I. Engel, B. P. Luo, M. C. Pitts, L. R. Poole et al., Heterogeneous formation of polar stratospheric clouds ? Part 1: Nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.135194, pp.9577-959510, 2013.

D. M. Hunten, R. P. Turco, and O. B. Toon, Smoke and Dust Particles of Meteoric Origin in the Mesosphere and Stratosphere, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.37, issue.6, pp.1342-1357, 1980.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<1342:SADPOM>2.0.CO;2

R. Jaenicke, Atmospheric aerosols and global climate, Journal of Aerosol Science, vol.11, issue.5-6, pp.577-58810, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-8502(80)90131-7

D. Janches, J. D. Mathews, D. D. Meisel, and Q. H. Zhou, Micrometeor Observations Using the Arecibo 430 MHz Radar I. Determination of the Ballistic Parameter from Measured Doppler Velocity and Deceleration Results, Icarus, vol.145, issue.1, pp.53-63, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/icar.1999.6330

J. Jones and T. R. Kaiser, The Effects of Thermal Radiation, Conduction and Metoriod Heat Capacity on Meteoric Ablation, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.133, issue.4, pp.411-420, 1966.
DOI : 10.1093/mnras/133.4.411

O. Kalashnikova, M. Horányi, G. E. Thomas, and O. B. Toon, Meteoric smoke production in the atmosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.30, issue.11, pp.3293-329610, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/1999GL011338

M. Kaufmann, J. Blank, T. Guggenmoser, J. Ungermann, A. Engel et al., Retrieval of three-dimensional small scale structures in upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric composition as measured by GLORIA, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss, vol.75194, pp.4229-427410, 2014.

S. G. Love and D. E. Brownlee, A Direct Measurement of the Terrestrial Mass Accretion Rate of Cosmic Dust, Science, vol.262, issue.5133, pp.550-553, 1993.
DOI : 10.1126/science.262.5133.550

G. W. Mann, S. Davies, K. S. Carslaw, and M. P. Chipperfield, Factors controlling Arctic denitrification in cold winters of the 1990s, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.3, issue.2, pp.403-416, 2003.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-3-403-2003
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00295249

D. S. Mckenna, J. Grooß, G. Günther, P. Konopka, R. Müller et al., A new Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) 2. Formulation of chemistry scheme and initialization, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.103, issue.D15, pp.4-5, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD000113

D. S. Mckenna, P. Konopka, J. Grooß, G. Günther, R. Müller et al., A new Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) 1. Formulation of advection and mixing, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.52, issue.1, pp.15-26, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD000114

L. Megner, D. E. Siskind, M. Rapp, and J. Gumbel, Global and temporal distribution of meteoric smoke: A two-dimensional simulation study, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.100, issue.D2, pp.10-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JD009054

S. Molleker, S. Borrmann, H. Schlager, B. Luo, W. Frey et al., Microphysical properties of synoptic-scale polar stratospheric clouds: in situ measurements of unexpectedly large HNO 3 -containing particles in the Arctic vortex, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.145194, pp.10785-1080110, 2014.

D. M. Murphy, K. D. Froyd, J. P. Schwarz, W. , and J. C. , Observations of the chemical composition of stratospheric aerosol particles, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.94, issue.681, pp.1269-1278, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.2213

E. R. Nash, P. A. Newman, J. E. Rosenfield, and M. R. Schoeberl, An objective determination of the polar vortex using Ertel's potential vorticity, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.99, issue.1, pp.9471-947810, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96JD00066

T. Peter, MICROPHYSICS AND HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY OF POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS, Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, vol.48, issue.1, pp.785-822, 1997.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.physchem.48.1.785

T. Peter and J. Grooß, Chapter 4 Polar Stratospheric Clouds and Sulfate Aerosol Particles: Microphysics, Denitrification and Heterogeneous Chemistry, in: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change, Roy. Soc. Chem, pp.108-144, 2012.

B. Peucker-ehrenbrink, Accretion of extraterrestrial matter during the last 80 million years and its effect on the marine osmium isotope record, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.60, issue.17, pp.3187-319610, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00161-5

J. M. Plane, A time-resolved model of the mesospheric Na layer: constraints on the meteor input function, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.4, issue.3, pp.627-63810, 2004.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-4-627-2004
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00295424

J. M. Plane, Cosmic dust in the earth's atmosphere, Chemical Society Reviews, vol.407, issue.19, pp.6507-6518, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/jp211526h

R. A. Plumb, Tracer interrelationships in the stratosphere, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.5, issue.4, pp.10-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2000RG000101

R. A. Plumb, W. Heres, J. L. Neu, N. M. Mahowald, J. Del-corral et al., Global tracer modeling during SOLVE: High-latitude descent and mixing, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.120, issue.D5, pp.10-1029, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD001023

M. Rapp and I. Strelnikova, Measurements of meteor smoke particles during the ECOMA-2006 campaign: 1. Particle detection by active photoionization, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, vol.71, issue.3-4, pp.477-485, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.06.002

M. Rapp, I. Strelnikova, and J. Gumbel, Meteoric smoke particles: Evidence from rocket and radar techniques, Advances in Space Research, vol.40, issue.6, pp.809-817, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.asr.2006.11.021

E. A. Ray, F. L. Moore, J. W. Elkins, D. F. Hurst, P. A. Romashkin et al., Descent and mixing in the 1999???2000 northern polar vortex inferred from in situ tracer measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.56, issue.20, pp.828510-1029, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD000961

R. W. Saunders, O. Möhler, M. Schnaiter, S. Benz, R. Wagner et al., An aerosol chamber investigation of the heterogeneous ice nucleating potential of refractory nanoparticles, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.105194, pp.1227-124710, 1227.

R. W. Saunders, S. Dhomse, W. S. Tian, M. P. Chipperfield, and J. M. And-plane, Interactions of meteoric smoke particles with sulphuric acid in the Earth's stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.125194, pp.4387-439810, 2012.

G. N. Shur, N. M. Sitnikov, and A. V. Drynkov, A mesoscale structure of meteorological fields in the tropopause layer and in the lower stratosphere over the southern tropics (Brazil), Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, vol.32, issue.8, pp.487-49410, 2007.
DOI : 10.3103/S106837390708002X

L. Sokolov and B. Lepuchov, Protocol of interaction between Unit for Connection with Scientific Equipment (UCSE) and onboard scientific equipment of Geophysica aircraft, Myasishchev Design Bureau (MDB), 1998.

S. Solomon, Stratospheric ozone depletion: A review of concepts and history, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.23, issue.22, pp.275-31610, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999RG900008

R. Spang, F. Stroh, M. Von-hobe, D. Gerber, B. Moyna et al., Data Acquisition Report of the PremierEX Scientific Flights, Final Report for ESTEC, Contract No. 2670/09, p.3151, 2012.

L. Stefanutti, L. Sokolov, S. Balestri, A. R. Mackenzie, and V. Khattatov, The M-55 Geophysica as a Platform for the Airborne Polar Experiment, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.16, issue.10, pp.1303-13121520, 1175.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1303:TMGAAP>2.0.CO;2

I. Strelnikova, M. Rapp, B. Strelnikov, G. Baumgarten, A. Brattli et al., Measurements of meteor smoke particles during the ECOMA-2006 campaign: 2. Results, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, vol.71, issue.3-4, pp.486-496, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.07.011

B. Vogel, P. Konopka, J. U. Grooß, R. Müller, B. Funke et al., Model simulations of stratospheric ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NO x during Arctic Winter, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.85194, pp.5279-529310, 2003.

C. Voigt, H. Schlager, B. P. Luo, A. D. Dornbrack, A. Roiger et al., Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) formation at low NAT supersaturation in Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.5, issue.5, pp.1371-138010, 1371.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-5-1371-2005
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00295666

U. Von-zahn, The total mass flux of meteoroids into the Earth's upper atmosphere, 17th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research, pp.92-9092, 2005.

A. E. Waibel, T. Peter, K. S. Carslaw, H. Oelhaf, G. Wetzel et al., Arctic Ozone Loss Due to Denitrification, Science, vol.283, issue.5410, pp.2064-2069, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.283.5410.2064
URL : http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-9644-F

P. H. Wang, M. P. Mccormick, T. J. Swissler, M. T. Osborn, W. H. Fuller et al., Inference of stratospheric aerosol composition and size distribution from SAGE II satellite measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.3, issue.D6, pp.8435-844610, 1989.
DOI : 10.1029/JD094iD06p08435

T. Wegner, J. U. Grooss, M. Von-hobe, F. Stroh, O. Suminska-ebersoldt et al., Heterogeneous chlorine activation on stratospheric aerosols and clouds in the Arctic polar vortex, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.12, issue.22, pp.11095-1110610, 2012.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-12-11095-2012

R. Weigel, M. Hermann, J. Curtius, C. Voigt, S. Walter et al., Experimental characterization of the COndensation PArticle counting System for high altitude aircraft-borne application, Atmos. Meas. Tech, vol.25194, pp.243-25810, 2009.

R. Weigel, S. Borrmann, J. Kazil, A. Minikin, A. Stohl et al., In situ observations of new particle formation in the tropical upper troposphere: the role of clouds and the nucleation mechanism, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.11, issue.18, pp.9983-10010, 2014.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-11-9983-2011
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00593691

A. Werner, C. M. Volk, E. V. Ivanova, T. Wetter, C. Schiller et al., Quantifying transport into the Arctic lowermost stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.105194, pp.11623-1163910, 2010.

J. C. Wilson, M. R. Stolzenburg, W. E. Clark, M. Loewenstein, G. V. Ferry et al., Measurements of condensation nuclei in the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition: Observations of particle production in the polar vortex, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.94, issue.4, pp.361-36410, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/GL017i004p00361

W. Woiwode, J. Grooß, H. Oelhaf, S. Molleker, S. Borrmann et al., Denitrification by large NAT particles: the impact of reduced settling velocities and hints on particle characteristics, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss, vol.145194, pp.5893-592710, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00956379