Emission factor modelling and database for light vehicles - Artemis deliverable 3
Résumé
In the frame of the Artemis project, the emission models for atmospheric pollutants have been updated and strongly improved for the road light vehicles. This development is based on a wide and specific measurement campaign, with more than 150 vehicles and about 3500 tests for a large number of pollutants, regulated and non regulated ones. The results of these measurements carried out by several European laboratories are included in a database especially designed, the Artemis LVEM database, available and open to future European measurements data. The Artemis model for light vehicles contains a set of complementary sub-models. The base model calculates the hot emissions for each vehicle category according to the driving behaviour. It contains 5 alternative models: The main model considers traffic situations (discrete model), with emission factors for each of them; A simplified model, built on the same data, takes into account the driving behaviour through the average speed (continuous model); A continuous model, socalled kinematic, considers a limited number of aggregated kinematic parameters; 2 instantaneous models consider some instantaneous parameters as instantaneous speed. These models need input kinematic data of variable complexity and are therefore adapted to different usages, for assessing national emissions, as far as for calculating the impact of a local traffic control. They are associated to models taking into account the influence of several parameters, as cold start, using of auxiliaries like air conditioning, vehicle mileage, ambient air temperature and humidity, road slope and vehicle load, as far as evaporation. The building methods of all these models and the data or models they are based on are presented, as far as the models themselves.
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